Presented By JADHAV MANORANJAN A. Guided By Prof . S. B.

BELKAR

Introduction
Magnetism Magnetic field

Magnetism
Magnetic Flux Density
T T B ! QH
B = magnetic flux density Q = magnetic permeability H = magnetic field multiple loops of wire, n

Q ! Q0 Q r
Q0 = permeability of free space Qr = relative permeability

ni H! 2Tr

Q 1 diamagnetic paramagnetic Q " 1 ferromagnetic Q "" 1

Magnetism
Magnetic Field
Magnetic field, H, is found around a magnet or a current carrying body.

H ds ! i
i H! 2Tr
(for one current loop)

Magnetism
Lorentz Force

T T T T f !Q E vvB

f = force Q = electric charge E = electric field V = velocity of charge Q B = magnetic flux density

Magnetism
Lorentz Force
Simplification:

T T T T f !Q EvvB

T E

T T vvB

T T T f }Q vvB


Source: MIT Physics Dept. website

Magnetism
Lorentz Force
Further simplification: Analogous Wire
B i

T T T f ! Qv v B
T T i ! Q v

T T T f !i vB

force perpendicular to flux!

MAGNETIC BEARING
y Bearing which supports a load using magnetic levitation

Advantages of magnetic bearings:

     

contact-free no lubricant (no) maintenance tolerable against heat, cold, vacuum, chemicals low losses very high rotational speeds

Disadvantages:
 complexity  high initial cost

MAGNETIC BEARING TYPES

y PASSIVE MAGNETIC BEARING

Not electrically controlled, Permanent magnets

y ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING

Electrically controlled, Electromagnets

Model of Active Magnetic Bearing

y Principle of operation: Magnetic Levitation

Active Magnetic Bearings

Elements of System
` ` ` ` ` `

Electromagnet Rotor Stator Position Sensor Controller Amplifier

y Radial Bearing Configuration:

for radial force balancing y Axial Bearing Configuration: for axial force balancing y Position Transducers:

Auxiliary Bearing System

Control system:
y Sensors
`

Controller Power Amplifiers

Principle of radial and axial force

Where ,

magnetic flux in the air gap

permeances of bias & axial control fluxes Pb & Px

The axial force

Analysis of AMB system using Finite Element Method

Performance relative to hydrodynamic bearing

REQUIREMENTS High loads Speed Sealing Unbalance Losses MAGNETIC BEARING low high Not required no Very low HYDRODYNAMIC BEARING high low required yes high

ADVANTAGES OF AMB
NON CONTACT MOTION HIGH ROTATING SPEED NO LUBRICATION INCREASE IN OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE ACTIVE NATURE

DISADVANTAGES OF AMB
NO LINEARITY ROTOR HEATING LARGER SIZE HIGH COST

APPLICATIONS OF AMB
Image display unit High precision lathe Turbo expander Turbo compressor High speed milling Machine tool spindle Maglev Trains

Applications
Maglev Trains
Maglev = Magnetic Levitation y 150 mm levitation over guideway track
undisturbed from small obstacles (snow, debris, etc.)

y typical ave. speed of 350 km/h (max 500 km/h)

what if? Paris-Moscow in 7 hr 10 min (2495 km)!

y stator: track, rotor: magnets on train

Source: DiscoveryChannel.com

Applications
Maglev Trains
Maglev in Shanghai - complete in 2004 - airport to financial district (30 km) - world s fastest maglev in commercial operation (501 km/h) - service speed of 430 km/h

Source: www.monorails.org

THANK YOU