Performance Analysis of Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensing Networks

With effect of variation in cluster size

Submitted To: Er. Sandeep Singh Waraich Lect. Computer Science Dept. GNDU, Amritsar.

Submitted By: Gurpreet Singh Roll no. 2010CSB2021 M.Tech (CSE)

Wireless Sensing Network

WSN is the ultimate technology in wireless communication that allows network nodes to communicate without the need for a fixed infrastructure. Wireless networks are usually composed of small, low-cost devices that communicate wirelessly and have the capabilities of Processing, Sensing and Storing The purpose is to measure different physical parameters in a given environment, in order to characterize its properties, or to take decisions depending on these measurements.

Enabling Technologies

Embedded

Networked

Sensing
3

WSNs Architecture

Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Military Applications Environmental Applications Health Applications Home Applications Industrial Applications Other Commercial Applications
5

Military
Remote deployment of sensors for tactical monitoring of enemy troop movements.

Sensor Network
Watershed Sensor Field

Server

Gateway

Internet

Sensing Node

Server

+
Internet Gateway

Hardware Setup Overview

Sensor Characteristics
Wireless sensors are small devices that gather information.
Pressure, Humidity, Temperature Speed, Location

Wireless sensors have some characteristics:

Low power Small size Low cost

Primary Objective
Since the WSN nodes are typically battery equipped,
the primary design goal is to optimize the amount of

energy used for transmission.

For this we have various Routing Protocols

Routing Protocols
One-hop model Multi-hop model
Hierarchical clustering model

Hierarchical clustering model

Some advantages of this model comparing with multi-hop are Data moves faster to the base station thus reducing latency and that only cluster heads perform data aggregation unlike multi-hop model where every intermediate node perform this optimization technique. Therefore, the clustering-based model is more suitable for time-critical applications than the multihop model

Hierarchical clustering Protocols

LEACH PROTOCOL: Low Energy Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy PEGASIS PROTOCOL: Power-efficient GAthering in

Sensor Information Systems

TEEN PROTOCOL: Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol APTEEN PROTOCOL: Adaptive Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol

LEACH PROTOCOL
It partitions the nodes into clusters. In each cluster a dedicated node with extra privileges called Cluster Head (CH) is responsible a for TDMA creating (Time and

manipulating

division

multiple access) schedule and sending aggregated data from nodes to the BS

where these data is needed using CDMA

(Code division multiple access). Remaining nodes are cluster members.

LEACH PROTOCOL
This protocol is divided into rounds; each round consists of two phases:

Setup phase : Responsible for choosing Cluster head.

Steady state phase : Responsible data

aggregation and transmission to BS.

PEGASIS PROTOCOL
Power-efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) is an improvement of the LEACH protocol. Rather than forming multiple clusters, PEGASIS forms chains from sensor nodes so that each node transmits and receives from a neighbor and only one node is selected from that chain to transmit to the base station (sink). Gathered data moves from node to node, aggregated and eventually sent to the base station. The chain construction is performed in a greedy way.

Hierarchical PEGASIS PROTOCOL

It is an extension to PEGASIS, which aims at decreasing the delay incurred for packets during transmission to the base station and proposes a solution to the data gathering problem by considering energy * delay metric. In order to reduce the delay in PEGASIS, simultaneous transmissions of data messages are pursued. To avoid collisions and possible signal interference among the sensors, two approaches have been investigated. The first approach incorporates signal coding, e.g. CDMA In the second approach only spatially separated nodes are allowed to transmit

at the same time.

Hierarchical PEGASIS PROTOCOL

The chain-based protocol with CDMA capable nodes, constructs a chain of nodes, that forms a tree like hierarchy, and each selected node in a particular level transmits data to the node in the upper level of the hierarchy. This method ensures data transmitting in parallel and reduces the delay significantly. Since the tree is balanced, the delay will be

in O(log N) where N is the number of nodes.

Research Motivation
During literature survey in the problem domain I have seen there are having many question or problem statement to which there also exist some solution .

But among those question I have also found one somewhere less or
unanswered problem/Question which is, what is the optimal cluster size?, In comparison to existing approaches, very little help is available to answer this question. So for me to answer this question and analyzing hierarchical routing protocol in contrast with variation in

cluster size will become strong motivational point.

Problem Definition As per Research motivation outlined in the

previous section, the problem statement is the

performance Analysis of the Hierarchical routing protocols in WSNs with effect of variation in cluster size.

Dissertation Objective
And based on this the main objectives of the my research work are :

Simulative study of

existing hierarchical routing protocol by

making cluster size variation and taking the values of various performance metrics. than compare them with the best existing Benchmark to analyze the performance of the system. If possible will try to purpose some modification in existing LEACH protocol.

REFERNECES
Kumar V., Jain S., and Tiwari S., energy efficient clustering algorithms in WSNs, 2011. Sanjeev Saini, Ram Sewak Singh & V.K.Gupta Analysis of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Communication, Proceedings of the International Journal of computer Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 113-118, January-June 2010. P.T.V. Bhuvaneswari and V.Vaidehi, Enhancement techniques incorporated in LEACH- A Survey, Proceeding of the Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.2 No 5, May 2009. M. Bani Yassein, A. Al-zou'bi, Y. Khamayseh, W. Mardini, Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (VLEACH) Proceedings of the International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, Vol. 3, Number 2, June 2009.

Lan Tien Nguyen, Xavier Defago, Razvan Beuran, Yoichi Shinoda, An Energy Efficient Routing Scheme for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks, Proceedings of the IEEE ISWCS, 2008.

REFERNECES
W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks, Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Vol. 2, Jan 2000. S. Lindsey, C.S. Raghavendra, PEGASIS: power efficient gathering in sensor information systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 2002. S. Lindsey, C.S. Raghavendra, K. Sivalingam, Data gathering in sensor networks using the energy*delay metric, Proceedings of the IPDPS Workshop on Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, San Francisco, CA, April 2001. A. Manjeshwar, D.P. Agrawal, APTEEN: a hybrid protocol for efficient routing and comprehensive information retrieval in wireless sensor networks,Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile computing, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, April 2002. A. Manjeshwar, D.P. Agrawal, TEEN: a protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, San Francisco, CA, April 2001.

Thanks