BG DTM

L/O/G/O
NH GI TC NG MITRNG (TM - EIA)
TM l g? Ti sao li phi thc hin TM? Li ch ca TM?
www.themegallery.com
LCH S RA I V PHT TRIN

Nm 1969, thng qua o lut chnh sch mi trng ca M. Cc thut ng quan trng: Kim k hin trng mi trng (EI), TM, Bo co tc ng mi trng (EIS). - Kim k hin trng: m t ton din v mi trng ang tn ti. - TM: xc nh nh gi cc tc ng c th xy ra. - Bo co tc ng: tng trnh cc kt qu ca cng tc TM
KHI NIM TM (EIA)

Theo UNEP: TM l qu trnh nghin cu nhm d bo cc hu qu v mt mi trng ca mt d n pht trin. Lut Bo v mi trng Vit Nam: TM l qu trnh phn tch, nh gi, d bo nh hng n mi trng ca cc d n, quy hoch pht trin ca cc c s sn xut, cng trnh kinh t, khoa hc, k thut, y t, VHXH, ANQP
MC TIU TM
Xc nh, m t ti nguyn v gi tr mi trng. D bo cng , quy m ca cc tc ng. Phn tch cc phng n thay th gim thiu tc ng. xut cc bin php qun l v cng ngh. xut chng trnh quan trc v QLMT. xut k hoch qun l mi trng
NGHA CA TM
Khuyn khch cng tc quy hoch tt hn. Tit kim thi gian v tin ca trong thi hn pht trin lu di. Gip cho nh nc, cc c s v cng ng c mi lin h cht ch hn.
I TNG CA TM
Thng gp v c s lng nhiu nht l cc d n pht trin c th. Khng phi tt c cc d n u tin hnh nh nhau. Ty iu kin c th ca tng quc gia m c quy nh c th. Ngn hng Chu chia cc d n thnh 3 nhm: - Nhm A: cn thit phi tin hnh TM y - Nhm B: khng cn tin hnh TM y , nhng phi kim tra cc tc ng mi trng. - Nhm C: cc d n khng phi tin hnh TM. Vit Nam chia thnh 2 nhm: - Loi I: phi lp v thm nh bo co TM. - Loi II: ng k t tiu chun mi trng trn c s t xc lp v phn tch TM ca mnh.
VAI TR V LI CH
Nhng li ch ca TM bao gm: Hon thin thit k v la chn v tr d n. Cung cp thng tin chun xc cho vic ra quyt nh ca ch u t v c quan ph duyt u t. Tng cng trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan trong qu trnh trin khai d n. a d n vo ng bi cnh mi trng v x hi ca n. Gim bt nhng thit hi mi trng do d n c th gy ra. Lm cho d n c hiu qu hn v mt kinh t v x hi. ng gp tch cc cho s pht trin bn vng ca a phng.
TM V CHU TRNH D N
Chu trnh ca mt d n u t c khi qut theo 6 bc chnh: Hnh thnh d n. Nghin cu tin kh thi. Nghin cu kh thi. Thit k v cng ngh. Thc hin d n. Gim st v nh gi
NI DUNG CA MT NGHIN CU TM
nh gi: - thu thp, chnh l s liu, phn tch xc nh cc tc ng. nh gi da vo cc TCMT, QCVN, TCVN. Mc tc ng , tn thc cn c th nh gi qua n v tin t (nh gi chi ph li ch). D bo l cng vic rt cn thit. Tc ng: c xc nh r l tc ng ca d n ln mi trng. Cc tc ng c phn loi theo phm vi, tnh cht v mc .
i tng tc ng - nhim v mi trng sinh thi - Ti nguyn thin nhin - Mi trng x hi - Kinh t Tc ng no s c a vo nh gi chi tit trong TM?
Tc ng ng k: - Phm vi - Cng Tc ng trc tip v gin tip ca d n n mi trng
Bin php, gii php gim nh, khc phc nhng tc ng c hi. Duy tr s pht trin m vn bo v mi trng Pht trin bn vng. Cc gii php: cng ngh, qun l, kinh t bt lng cht thi, x l cht thi, gim thiu tc ng v khc phc hu qu ca tc ng do d n mang li.
TRNH T THC HIN TM

Bc 1: Sng lc mi trng (Screening) Bc 2: Xc nh phm vi TM (Scoping) Bc 3: Nghin cu v lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng chi tit Bc 4: Thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng Bc 5: Thc hin gim st hu thm nh TM
D n thay th thit k
D n c xem xt
C quan lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng Lc duyt C quan chun b tuyn b khng c tc ng ng k Phi c GTMT C quan cng b mc ch C quan xc nh nh gi phm vi GTMT Son bo co GTMT C quan chun b GTMT s b
Loi b v iu kin
Khng cn GTMT
Xc nh phm vi
Nhn xt cng ng Nhn xt, nh gi C quan chun b bo co GTMT cui cng
Ra quyt nh Kim sot
C quan quyt nh, k bin bn quyt nh
Kim sot mi trng
L/O/G/O
CHNG 2: CC PHN PHP NHN DIN TC NG
GII THIU CHUNG

nh gi tc ng mi trng cn phi c cc phng php khoa hc c tnh tng hp. Ph thuc vo c im ca d n v da vo c im mi trng s dng cc phng php vi nhiu mc khc nhau. Mi phng php u c im mnh v im yu. Vic la chn phng php cn da vo nhiu yu t
Cc phng php c th c phn loi sau y. - Ma trn - Mng li - Phng php danh mc - Chng bn v GIS - Bng kim tra - Phn tch cc ch th v ch s - Phn tch gi thnh, li nhun ca d n - M hnh ha mi trng
MA TRN TNG TC
Ma trn l mt trong nhng phng php sm nht trong qu trnh TM. Mt ma trn n gin gm: 1 trc th hin cc hnh ng ca d n, mt ct th hin cc nhn t mi trng chu tc ng Ti im giao nhau ca ma trn th hin tc ng m hnh ng ca d n nh lm thay i nhn t mi trng. Tc ng c xem xt trn 2 kha cnh: mc v tm quan trng
MA TRN TNG TC
Phng php ma trn do Leopold a ra vo nm 1971. Ma trn ny bao gm 100 hnh ng ca d n v 90 cc vn v mi trng. Hnh (3.1). Bc 1: nh du cho vo nhng m d kin s c tc ng din ra. Bc 2: M t tc ng theo mc v tm quan trng theo im t 1 10. - Mc : rng ca tc ng da trn objective evaluation - Tm quan trng: mc biu th ca tc ng da trn subjective judgement ca ngi lm TM
Mt dng ma trn khc cng c s dng trong nhn din tc ng mi trng, mc tc ng c th hin di dng cc k hiu. - SB: tc ng c li ng k - SA: tc ng c hi ng k - B: tc ng c li - A: tc ng c hi
b: tc ng c li nhng mc nh a: tc ng c hi mc nh O: tc ng khng th xc nh c mc M: cc bin php gim thiu hoc phng trnh cc tc ng NA: cc yu t mi trng khng b tc ng hoc khng lin quan n d n
MA TRN BC
Ma trn bc cn c gi l ma trn cho (cross-impact matrix), c s dng nhn din cc tc ng th cp do hot ng ban u ca d n gy nn. y l phng php trung gian gia pp ma trn n gin v pp mng li. u im: cc tc ng mi trng c nhn dng c tnh h thng.
MNG LI
Kt hp nguyn nhn v hu qu ca cc tc ng bng cch xc nh mi quan h gia ngun tc ng v cc yu t mi trng. c th hin qua s chui ni tip
BNG KIM TRA (CHECKLIST)

Bng kim tra n gin (bng cu hi). Bng kim tra m t. Bng kim tra nh gi s b mc tc ng
L/O/G/O
CHNG 3: M T MI TRNG NN
Cch tip cn th 1: S dng hng dn v quy nh ca cc c quan. V d in hnh i vi 2 loi d n sau
Trnh t thc hin

Danh sch cc nhn t MT Thc hin c la chn qu trnh la chn Danh sch cc nhn t MT ko c la chn Thu thp d liu/ ln k hoch/ xy dng cc nghin cu c s Bt u m t mi trng nn
Xc nh 1 n mt vi nhn t mi trng
CNG TC CHUN B
Cch tip cn: S dng hng dn v quy nh ca cc c quan. V d in hnh i vi 2 loi d n sau
Nh my nng lng nguyn t D n xy dng ng ng dn kh 1. a hnh v v tr 1. Lch s 2. S dng nc, t v nhn khu ti2. V tr vng 3. a vn hc/Thy vn b mt 3. Cc im mc v t nhin, vn ha,4. Th nhng cnh vt v lch s ca vng. 5. a cht hc 4. a cht hc: a hnh, a tng, th6. Thy vn hc nhng v cc loi . 7. Kh tng hc 5. Thy vn hc 8. Cc dng nhim tim tng 6. Kh tng hc 9. Loi hnh s dng t 7. Sinh thi hc 10. Ting n 8. Cc c im phng x ca nn t 11. C s nn v c im sinh thi hc hin ti 12. Dn s www.themegallery.com
CC BC THC HIN
Qu trnh la chn cc nhn t mi trng t danh sch ban u lin quan n cc cng vic sau: kho st v tr, tho lun nhm, xc nh phm vi d n, thc hin cc cu hi tiu ch v nhn nh chuyn gia
Kho st v tr
Hiu r khu vc d n v vic xem xt cc s liu nn hin c c hiu qu hn. Nhng cng vic s thc hin trong cng tc kho st thc a ph thuc vo cc yu t nh: loi hnh d n, cc tc ng d kin v cc vn c trng ca vng d n.
Tho lun nhm lin ngnh

Qua tho lun, cc nh TM s hiu r hn cc tc ng do d n gy nn. Thm ch c th nhn din c cc nhn t mi trng mt cch chnh xc, m cc nhn t ny khng c trong danh sch cc nhn t ban u
Cng tc tho lun nhm c th din ra trong sut qu trnh kho st thc a v cng vic ny vn tip tc c thc hin sau khi kho st thc a cc thnh vin trong i TM s hiu hn cc c im ca d n.
Xc nh phm vi
Xc nh phm vi cc vn c nu ra v nhn nh cc vn quan trng c lin quan n cc hot ng ca d n. Ti bc ny s din ra qu trnh xc nh phm vi cc vn c a ra trc v nhng vn ng k do d n xut gy ra.
t cu hi tiu ch
1. Nhn t mi trng s b nh hng theo hng c li hay c hi? Liu c phng n thay th no khng (k c phng n s 0) trong qu trnh nghin cu TM.
2. Cc nhn t mi trng s b nh hng trong giai on no ca d n (giai on tin xy dng, giai on xy dng hay giai on vn hnh). 3. Cc nhn t mi trng ny c c cng ng quan tm ng h khng hay c gy tranh ci vi cng ng a phng hay khng
CH TH MI TRNG
Khi nim Ch th mi trng (environmental indicator) l mt hoc mt tp hp cc thng s mi trng (tc nhn ha l, ha hc, sinh vt) ch ra c trng no ca mi trng.
Cc ch th cht lng mi trng nc 1. Ch th ha l Mun la chn thng s ch th cht lng nc cn phi hiu bn cht ngun gy nhim v cc tc ng chnh. T ngun gy nhim ta c th nu ra cc tc nhn gy nhim nc ch yu trong sng, rch l:
- Cc cht hu c. - Cc cht dinh dng - c, cht rn l lng. chua mn Du m. Cc cht nhim c bit, ch yu l kim loi nng, phenol v cc thuc tr su ( mt s vng c th) Vi khun.
Cc thng s ch th nh gi nhim nc
Vn nhim cn nh gi nhim do cht hu c Cc thng s ch th - Oxy ha tan (DO)
- Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD520) hay nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD) nhim do cc cht dinh dng (ccN-NO3, tng N cht gy ph dng ha) P-PO43, tng P nhim do vi khun c chua mn Du m Cc cht nhim c bit: - Kim loi nng - Cc phenol
Tng s vi khun coliforms Vi khun E.coli c (NTU, FTU, JTU)/ trong PH dn in (EC) , tng ion ha tan (TDS), Cl Cc loi du khong Cu, Zn, Hg, Cr, Cd, As, .v.v. Tng cc hp cht phenol Cc ha cht BVTV ring r.
- Cc ha cht BVTV
Ch th cht lng khng kh

Khi b nhim, trong khng kh c mt lng nht nh cc kh SO2, NOx, CO, ch,
hydrocacbon v bi. y chnh l cc ch th nhim khng kh. Do vy, cc tiu chun khng kh xung quanh ca hu ht cc quc gia u la chn cc thng s ny nh gi.
La chn thng s nhim khng kh

Mc tiu TM 1. Thay i kh hu Thng s ch th cn s dng - Ti lng thi CO2 - Nng CO2 trong khng kh - Nhit khng kh ton cu 2. Phng phng x, s c phng x Mc phng x trong khng kh, nng SO2, NO2 trong khng kh. 3. Ma axit 4. Khng kh khu dn c Ti lng SO2, NO2 Cc cht nhim thng thng NO2-, CO, SO2, tng cht l lng, O3. Bi, SO2, NOX, hydrocacbon, ch
5. nhim do kh thi giao thng
6. nhim do cc ngun t cngBi, SO2, NOx nghip

CH S MI TRNG
Khi nim: Ch s mi trng (environmental index) theo ngha rng l s phn cp ha (categorization) theo s hc hoc theo kh nng m t lng ln cc s liu, thng tin v mi trng nhm n gin ha cc thng tin ny cung cp cho cc c quan qun l v cng chng.
L/O/G/O
CHNG 4: NH GI V D BO CC TC NG MI TRNG
CC BC THC HIN NH GI CC TC NG LN MI TRNG KHNG KH

Lng, loi cht nhim
Hin trng cht lng khng kh Thu thp TCVN, QCVN D bo tc ng nh gi mc tc ng Cc bin php gim thiu
1
-H s pht thi. -H s ph thuc: nguyn, nhin liu u vo, cng ngh sn xut. - xc nh h s pht thi cn: thng tin d n v c bit ngun nhim
2
-Xc nh cht lng khng kh nn -Phc v phn tch kh nng tc ng -Xc nh kh nng lan truyn, bin i cht nhim.
3
- nh gi kh nng gy nhim khng kh ca d n,
4
-Da vo nguyn l cn bng khi lng hay cc m hnh ton hc v cc c s khc. - Gp pht thi do d n gy nn v pht thi kim k
5
-S dng cc phng bo gi v tc php nh ng nhn dng, d
6
- a ra cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng hp l v hiu qu.
mi trng
Xc nh loi, lng cht nhim v tc ng ca chng
H s pht thi: t l lng cht nhim khng kh thi vo kh quyn ca hot ng no y chi cho mc hot ng. xc nh ng h s pht thi ca mt d n c th th thng tin ca d n phi c xc nh chnh xc, c bit cc ngun c th pht sinh cht gy nhim
NGUN NHIM KHNG KH IN HNH

Nhin liu l than , du m cc loi, kh ga, than nu, mt s cht thi t g, ci
Chy rng, bi tc thi
Ngun t ngoi
t rc trong l, t ngoi tri, t bn cng
Nh my tng, sng ct, si

Cc ngun X l cht khc thi rn NGUN NHIM Cng IN HNH nghip khai Ngun khong v t trong ch bin b
- t, m t cc loi
Bc hi, l r
B cha du, kh
T cc h s pht thi lng pht thi cc cht gy nhim khng kh. Trong trng hp c bin php gim thiu tnh hiu qu ca cc thit b x l. Cc kh thng thng, h s pht thi c xc nh, nhng cc cht c hi th h s ny cha c xc nh.
M T HIN TRNG CHT LNG KHNG KH S liu v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Kim k pht thi S liu kh tng lin quan ti khuch tn trong kh quyn. Ni t d n thiu s liu da vo s liu t cc vng ln cn ca d n.
So snh vi tiu chun tng ng cht lng khng kh hin ti. T chc thu thp, kho st, c bit l kh nng pht thi cht nhim ca khu vc Cn phi kim k ngun pht thi v cht thi trong khu vc.
Kim k ngun pht thi l thu thp thng tin v mc pht thi t tt c cc ngun nhim khng kh ca vng trong khong chu k thi gian no . Qua kim k s cung cp: v tr, mc , tn sut, thi hn ca cc ngun gy nhim
khu vc.
Nu khu vc cha kim k cc ngun thi thc hin kim k theo cc bc nh sn nh sau: 1. Phn loi cht nhim v ngun nhim vng a l quan tm. 2. Nhn dng v tng hp thng tin v h s pht thi i vi mi loi cht thi v ngun thi. 3. nh lng cc cht nghin cu i vi mt ngun c th. 4. Tnh t l pht thi cht nhim. 5. Tng hp pht thi cht nhim c trng t mi ngun c xem xt.
Click to edit title style

c trng khuch tn Lan truyn cht nhim
Phn b nng cht nhim trong kh quyn
C quan kh tng
Cc ti liu kh tng c tng hp t nhiu nm.
THU THP NHNG TIU CHUN, QUY NH V CHT LNG MI TRNG
nh gi kh nng gy nhim khng kh ca d n. C th l tiu chun quc gia, a phng hoc ca cc t chc quc t.
4. D BO TC NG
Vic d bo tc ng ca d n ln mi trng khng kh c th da vo: - Nguyn l cn bng khi - M hnh ton hc, - Cc c s khc
Pht thi do d n + pht thi kim k nh gi kh nng tc ng ca d n ln mi trng khng kh kh nng lm thay i tnh trng nhim hin ti ca khu vc. Phng php xc nh tc ng quy m va: xem xt mc tng so vi kim k pht thi i vi mt hoc nhiu cht nhim.
S dng m hnh s dng ch yu trong d bo tc ng, gm 2 m hnh chnh: - M hnh hp: xc nh nng trung bnh cht nhim trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. - M hnh lan truyn cht nhim: tnh ton
nng cht nhim ti tt c cc im
5. NH GI MC TC NG
S dng cc tiu chun, ch tiu nh gi. Da vo kin cng ng Da vo mc nhy cm ca con ngi v h sinh thi vng chu tc ng
BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC LN MI TRNG KHNG KH
Hn ch t rc, k c t rm r, sn phm nng nghip tha
Khng ch xi mn do gi
Ti C bin ng v php gim cc bin cht thi php gim t c s pht thi x l cht bi t thi ng giao thng
k hoch S dng cc nhin liu t tt hn pht thi ch nh cht hng nhim nh ethanlo, phun methanol, HCBVTV, kh ga, phn ha in hc.
Nghin cu, ch S dng to cc cc thit loi nhin b x l liu thay nhm th cho gim pht xng du thi chy xe c gii
BC 6
Mt s cch tip cn cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ln mi trng khng kh trong qu trnh thc hin bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
MC CH
Tm kim cc gii php
Text in here Contents

ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.
Loi b Ti thiu ha Description of the business
Contents
Description of the contents


2005
t Tex ur Yo
2006
t Tex ur Yo
2007
t Tex ur Yo
2008
t Tex ur Yo
u Yo
u Yo
u Yo
u Yo
rT
rT
rT
rT
ext
ext
ext
ext

Text in here
Text in here
Text in here
Text in here

Text in here Text in here Text in here
Click to add Text

Title in here
1.
Description of the companys sub contents
2.
Description of the companys sub contents

Title in here
Title in here
Title in here
Title in here
A

Tr li cu hi
GIM THIU
Title in here
Title in here

Contents Text in here
Contents
Text in here Text in here Text in here Text in here

Contents
Text in here Text in here Text in here
Contents Contents

Content Title Content Title Content Title

Description of the contents Description of the contents
Description of the contents Description of the contents Description of the contents Description of the contents

Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly. Vision 01 Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly.
Vision 04
Company LOGO
Vision 02
Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly.
Vision 03
Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly.

ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc. Title in here Title in here Title in here Title in here

LOGO
Service 01
Service 03
Service 02

Title in here
Text in here
Text in here Text in here Add Title
Description of the contents Description of the contents Description of the contents Description of the contents
Add Title
Add Title
Add Title
Text in here

Text in here Text in here Text in here Text in here
Title

1.Description of the companys products 2.Description of the companys business 3.Description of the companys technology 1.Description of the companys products 2.Description of the companys business 3.Description of the companys technology 1.Description of the companys products 2.Description of the companys business 3.Description of the companys technology Description of the contents 1.Description of the companys products 2.Description of the companys business 3.Description of the companys technology Description of the contents

Title in here
Text in here
Text in here
Text in here
2005
2006
2007
2008
L/O/G/O
Thank You!

BG DTM

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BG DTM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

L/O/G/O

NH GI TC NG MITRNG (TM - EIA)

TM l g? Ti sao li phi thc hin TM? Li ch ca TM?

LCH S RA I V PHT TRIN

KHI NIM TM (EIA)

Tc ng ng k: - Phm vi - Cng Tc ng trc tip v gin tip ca d n n mi trng

TRNH T THC HIN TM

Nhn xt cng ng Nhn xt, nh gi C quan chun b bo co GTMT cui cng

Ra quyt nh Kim sot

C quan quyt nh, k bin bn quyt nh

Kim sot mi trng

CHNG 2: CC PHN PHP NHN DIN TC NG

GII THIU CHUNG

BNG KIM TRA (CHECKLIST)

Cch tip cn th 1: S dng hng dn v quy nh ca cc c quan. V d in hnh i vi 2 loi d n sau

Trnh t thc hin

Tho lun nhm lin ngnh

Ch th cht lng khng kh

La chn thng s nhim khng kh

5. nhim do kh thi giao thng

6. nhim do cc ngun t cngBi, SO2, NOx nghip

CC BC THC HIN NH GI CC TC NG LN MI TRNG KHNG KH

Xc nh loi, lng cht nhim v tc ng ca chng

NGUN NHIM KHNG KH IN HNH

Chy rng, bi tc thi

t rc trong l, t ngoi tri, t bn cng

Nh my tng, sng ct, si

Click to edit title style

Cc ti liu kh tng c tng hp t nhiu nm.

THU THP NHNG TIU CHUN, QUY NH V CHT LNG MI TRNG

nng cht nhim ti tt c cc im

BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG TIU CC LN MI TRNG KHNG KH

Hn ch t rc, k c t rm r, sn phm nng nghip tha

Tm kim cc gii php

Text in here Contents

Loi b Ti thiu ha Description of the business

Description of the contents

Description of the contents

Click to edit title style

Click to edit title style

Description of the contents

Click to edit title style

Click to add Text

Click to edit title style

Click to edit title style

Click to edit title style

Click to edit title style

Text in here Text in here Text in here Text in here

Text in here Text in here Text in here

Click to edit title style

Content Title Content Title Content Title

Description of the contents Description of the contents

Click to edit title style

Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly.

Please write down of a slogan for a vision of a company in shortly.

Click to edit title style

Description of the contents

Description of the contents

Description of the contents

Click to edit title style

Click to edit title style

Description of the contents Description of the contents

Description of the contents Description of the contents