GOOD

MORNING
EVERYONE!

HYE THERE!! HOW

ARE YOU
TODAY?SEEN THAT
YOU LOOK NOT
INTERESTED…WHY
NOT WE DO AN
EXERCISE FOR A FEW
MINUTES?
 Do you believe or
not that I can raise
an Elephant?
DO YOU KNOW
WHAT TOPIC
WE WANT TO
LEARN TODAY?
Transmission of Pressure
in a Liquid
1. Liquids are practically incompressible.
2. The compression force causes pressure to
act on the surface of the water.

Pressure = Force (compression)

Surface area of liquid

6. Pascal’s principle states that in a confined

fluid, an externally applied pressure is
transmitted uniformly in all direction.
Transmission of Pressure
in a Liquid
1. In a hydraulic system, Pascal’s principle is
applied as a force multiplier. The force
multiplier of a hydraulic system can be
represented by the equation:

Output force = Output piston area

Input force Input piston area
Applications of Pascal’s
Principle
 APPLICATION
• A hydraulic lift for automobiles is
an example of a force multiplied by
hydraulic press, based on
Pascal's principle. The fluid in the
small cylinder must be moved much
further than the distance the car is
lifted.
For example, if the lift cylinder were 25
cm in diameter and the small cylinder
were 1.25 cm in diameter, then the ratio
of the areas is 400, so the hydraulic
press arrangement gives a multiplication
of 400 times the force. To lift a 6000
newton car, you would have to exert only
6000 N/400 = 15 N on the fluid in the
small cylinder to lift the car. However,
to lift the car 10 cm, you would have to
move the oil 400 x 10cm = 40 meters.
This is practical by pumping oil into this
small cylinder with a small compressor.
 Problem Solving
Example 1:
In hydraulic brake, a force of 80
N is applied to a piston with
area of 4 cm2.
• What is the pressure
transmitted throughout the
liquid?
• If the piston at the wheel
cylinder has an area of 8 cm2,
what is the force exerted on it?
 Solution

(a) P = F/A
= 80 N/4 cm2
= 20 N cm-2

(b) F=PxA
= 20 N cm-2 x 8 cm2
= 160 N
 Problem Solving
Example 2:
The figure shows a 10 N weight
balancing a X N weight placed on
a bigger syringe. What is the
value of X ?
 Solution:

F1/ A1 = F2/ A2

10 N / 1.5 cm2 = X N / 4.5 cm2

Therefore X = 10 / 1.5 x
4.5
= 30 N
 Problem Solving
Example 3:

The mass of X is 2 kg. It is placed

at a piston A. The cross section
areas of A and B are 5 cm2 and
80 cm2 respectively.
 Problem Solving
(a)Calculate the force which acts
on piston A
(b)Find the pressure which is
exerted on piston B.
(c)Find the mass of Y which can be
lifted by piston B.
(d)If piston A moves down by 20
cm, then piston B will go up by
 Solutions
(a) Calculate the force which acts on
piston A
F = mg
= 2 x 10 = 20 N
(b)Find the pressure which is exerted
on piston B.
P = F/A
= 20 N / 5 x 10-4 m2
= 40 000 N m-2
 Solutions
(c)Find the mass of Y which can be
lifted by piston B.
F1/A1 = F2/A2
2 x 10/ 5 x 10-4 = m x 10 / 80 x 10-4
m = 32 kg
(d)If piston A moves down by 20 cm,
then piston B will go up by
5 x 20 cm = 80 x l cm3
l = 1.25 cm
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE