Introduction to Embedded Systems Design

By:Nisha kumari ECE B , VII sem

Contents
Microprocessor vs microcontroller Embedded system Components Designing Keil microvision3 8051 Application board Applications Merits Demerits Conclusion

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate Designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports. Expensive Versatility Multipurpose Concerned with rapid movement of the code & data from the external addresses to the chip.

Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip Fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports For applications in which cost, power and space are critical Specific purpose Concerned with the rapid movement of the bits within the chip.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Special-purpose computer system designed to perform a dedicated function. Performs one or a few pre-defined tasks, usually with very specific requirements, and often includes task-specific hardware and mechanical parts not usually found in a general-purpose computer.

Components of embedded system

Analog components :- sensors Digital components :- processors, coprocessors Converters :- A2D, D2A. Software

EMBEDDED DESIGNING
Core hardware Firmware tools Programming tools Hardware tools

Core hardware
8051 Microcontroller PIC Microcontroller AVR Microcontroller ARM Microcontroller FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)

Firmware tools
8051- KEIL Compiler & Assembler PIC - Source Boost , micro c AVR Code Vision Avr ARM - KEIL advanced versions

Programming tools 8051 Flash Magic , ECE Flash PIC - Matrix pppv3 , pickit AVR Pony Prog

Hardware tools
Hardware programmers Application debuggers

Worked On
1. Core hardware 2. Firmware tools Phillips 89V51RD2. KEIL microVISION3

3. Programming tool
4. Hardware tools

Flash Magic , ECE Flash

8051 Application Board

Phillips 89V51RD2.
The NXP (founded by Phillips) P89V51RD2 is a 40 Mhz 5 volt 8051 based uc. It has 32 I/O lines, 3 Timer/counters, 9 interrupts, 14 priority levels, 64K+8K FLASH.

KEIL microVISION3
Keil is a compiler and assembler which allows to write program in c as well as assembly. Microvision3 combines project management, source code editing, program debugging and simulation.

1.Double Click on the icon present on the desktop

2.The following window will be popped-up

3. Go to the project & click on new project

4.Make a folder on desktop & give file name.

5.when you click on the save button ,following window opens

6. Select Philips & 89V51RD2

7. Then select NO on the pop-up given below.

8.Then make a New File.

9. Write or copy your gsm code there & save it with extension .c or .asm depending on your coding.

10.Go to target & then source group, right click on there & click on the option add files to the project.

11.Select your asm or c file which you want to add.

12.Go to the option for target, click on output & tick on create hex file option

13.Now build target. (Click on the pointed option)..

14.It will show you 0 errors & 0 warning on Output Window.

Flash Magic , ECE Flash

Flash magic is a PC tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or ethernet protocol while in the target hardware.

8051 Application Board

LEDs
LEDs are light emitting diodes which emit light when an electric current passes through them.

. Buzzers A buzzer is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical or electronic used in alarms, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke

While interfacing it uses single bit of controller. BC547 transistor is used to provide switching of buzzer.

Relays
An Electromechanical device Relay operates on +5v switches to +12v or 220 v state Wide variety applications such as in telephone exchanges, digital computers and automation systems

Relay operation
When there is no voltage applied on coil, switch is open. When a voltage is applied on coil , magnetic field is produced. It attracts the armature towards the 2nd pin closing the switch.

Push to on switches

A Push to on switch, allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when held in. When the button is released, the circuit is broken.

A/D Converter
An analog-to-digital converter is a device which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage (or current) to a digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current.

Seven - segment
A seven-segment display (SSD), or seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numeral that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, and other electronic devices for displaying numerical information.[

Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is a widely used device that translates electrical pulses into mechanical movement.

In applications such as disk drives, dot matrix printers and robotics, stepper motor is used for position control.

Embedded Applications
AUTOMOBILES: Fuel Injection control (for fuel efficiency), Air bags and Automatic braking (for safety), and car entertainment systems. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS: Many sophisticated medical instruments (Body Scanners, Heart rate monitors, Pacemaker etc) Industrial Control: such as CNC machines are example embedded systems. BUSINESS APPLICATIONS: Vending machines, scanners, printers. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS: Cameras, Toys, Cellular Phones, Washing Machines AVIONICS: Airplanes, Satellite Stations Defense: RADARs, SONARs (for surveillance), Guided Missile Systems

Merits
Designed to do a specific task and have real time time performance constraints which must be met. Allow the system hardware to be simplified so costs are reduced. In the form of small computerized parts in larger devices which serve a general purpose. Program instructions for e.s. run with limited computer hardware resources, little memory and small or even non-existence keyboard or screen.

Demerits
It can do only one specific function for which it is designed. I/O port is very limited, so limited devices can be connected. As RAM, ROM is fixed , so limited programs can be feeded, and when more than that is needed, an external memory is attached.

Conclusion
Embedded systems are more than part of human life. For instance, one cannot imagine life without mobile phones for personal communication. Its presence is virtually unavoidable in almost all facets of human endeavor. While we search on patterns in each of these application spaces, we can clearly identify the trend as to where the future of embedded systems is heading.

Thank you.