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Section I: Diet Planning Section II: assessment of Nutritional status Section III: Malnutrition
Diet Planning
It is the determination of the quantity & the quality of diet to be consumed by individual.
Person
Environment
Constituent of Diet
9 kcal/g
4 kcal/g 4 kcal/g
Physical activity levels (PAL) for women and men aged 18- 60 years
Level of physical activity (PAL) Light Moderate Heavy
Women
Men
1.56
1.56
1.64
1.78
1.82
2.10
Typical occupation People working in offices, students, and unemployed Shop assistants, domestic servants, housewives, drivers
Heavy
and legumes)
3-Energy group (as foods rich in carbohydrates, fats and oils)
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are required because:
Fat
Vitamins
Vitamins are substances necessary for the body in a very little quantities. They are essential for growth and the integrity of tissues and metabolism. They are not synthesized in the body with few
exceptions:
1- Vitamin D is synthesized in skin by the action of ultraviolet rays on 7 dehydrocholesterol 2-Carotenes are the precursors of vitamin A in the body
Minerals
Such as calcium, iron, iodine, fluorine etc. Deficiencies of minerals produce diseases in man
Iron
Water
Vulnerable groups
These are groups more liable to different nutritional
problems than the general population, due to their physiological status. They include
Man
Heavy work
Woman Sedentary work Moderate work Heavy work 50
3800
1875 2225 2925 50 20 400 30 100
Pregnant woman
Lactation 0-6 months Lactation 612 months
50
50
+300
+500 +500
+15
+25 +18
30
45
1000
1000
38
30
400
150
A-Fetal effects:
Intrauterine growth retardation Stillbirth
Indicators to assess maternal nutritional status 1-Pre-pregnant weight and height This is a factor affecting the size of placenta and hence the weight of the baby. 2-weight gain during pregnancy: wellnourished women gain on average about 12kg during pregnancy.
Industrial workers
Malnutrition of industrial workers may lead to many health problems as:
Deterioration of the workers health.
Reduction of productivity. Increased absenteeism.
mountains)
4. Exposures to toxic materials and fumes:
4. Social background.
Migratory workers need special attention. workers are at lower socioeconomic
vulnerable.