Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HCM
KHOA K THU T HA H C
C NG MN H C
Ch ng 1: Khi ni m chung 1.1. Tr lng kh trn th gii v Vit Nam 1.2. Phn lai kh thin nhin 1.3. Thnh phn ha hc v tnh cht ca kh thin nhin v kh du m 1.4. S tng qut ch bin kh v cc sn phm kh
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C NG MN H C
Ch ng 2: Gi n pha v ng d ng trong ch bi n kh 2.1. Gin pha ca n cht 2.2. Gin pha ca h a cu t 2.3. ng dng ca gin pha trong ch bin kh
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C NG MN H C
Ch ng 3: Lm kh kh 3.1. Khi nim chung 3.2. Lm kh kh bng phng php c ch 3.2.1. Phng php c ch to hydrate 3.2.2. Lm kh bng phng php hp th 3.2.3. Lm khan bng phng php hp ph
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C NG MN H C
Ch ng 4: Lm s ch H 2 S, CO 2 v cc h p ch t ch a l u hunh khc 4.1. Khi nim chung 4.2. Lm sch kh bng dung mi alkalnolamin 4.3. Lm sch kh bng dung mi vt l v tng hp 4.4. La chn dung mi cho qu trnh lm sch H2S v CO2
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C NG MN H C
Ch ng 5: Cng ngh ch bi n kh 5.1. Ch bin kh bng phng php ngng t 5.2. Ch bin kh bng phng php hp th 5.3. Ch bin kh bng phng php chng ct nhit thp 5.4. ng dng cc qu trnh ch bin kh khc nhau
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TI LI U THAM KH O
1. 2. 3. 4.
Lu Cm Lc, Cng ngh ch bin kh (1996). MA. Berlin, VG.Gortrencp, HP. Volcp, Cng ngh ch bin kh thin nhin v kh du m, Trng H K thut Tp.HCM. Francis S. Manning, Richard E. Thompson, Oilfield Processing of Petroleum, Volume 1: Natural Gas, PennWell Publishing Company (1991). K. S. Pedersen, Aa. Fredenslund, P. Thomassen, Properties of Oils and Natural Gas, Gulf Publishing Company (1989).
CN Ch Bin Kh
TI THUY T TRNH
1. Cc ngun kh trn th gii v Vit Nam: tim nng v ng dng. 2. Xu hng thay th nhin liu kh trong tng lai. 3. Cng ngh chuyn ha kh thnh lng (GTL technology). 4. Cng ngh sn xut DME t kh thin nhin. 5. Cng ngh ch bin kh trong Nh my ch bin kh Dinh C. 6. Vn thay th nhin liu lng bng kh thin nhin dng trong giao thng vn ti. 7. Vn tn tr v vn chuyn kh trong cng nghip ch bin kh.
Bt u t tun l th 4!
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Oil-Gas reservoir
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Gas reservoir.
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L ch s pht hi n v ng d ng kh thin nhin 1000 B.C., c bit n t thi Hy Lp c i mang ngha tn gio. 500 B.C., ti Trung Quc: lm bay hi nc bin sn xut mui. 1816, ti Hoa K: thp sng n ng. 1821, ti New York (Hoa K): ging kh thin nhin u tin c pht hin bi William Hart.
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L ch s pht hi n v ng d ng kh thin nhin (tt) 1858, Cng ty kinh doanh kh thin nhin u tin ca Hoa K c thnh lp Fredonia Gas Light Company. 1885, Robert Bunsen pht minh n t bng hn hp kh thin nhin v khng kh, dng trong un nu v si. 1900, kh thin nhin c pht hin ti 17 tiu bang ca Hoa K. Ngy nay, kh thin nhin chim 21,6% lng nng lng s dng Hoa K.
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Nhin liu kh
LPG LNG : 11845 kcal/kg : 12400 kcal/kg
Du th : 10840 kcal/kg Than : 8171 kcal/kg Than ci : 6582 kcal/kg Ci : 2662 kcal/kg
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.1. Tr l ng kh thin nhin trn th gi i v Vi t Nam 1.1.1. Th gi i Tr lng dau xac minh cua toan the gii (2005): 2050 2390 t thung (270 323 t tan) a s dung: 45 - 70%. Con khoang 1000 t thung (135 t tan).
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Ty thung/nam
BIEU O D KIEN NGUON DAU THO VA SAN PHAM DAU MO TREN THE GII.
Dau tho a khai thac Nguon dau tho d kien Tong cac san pham dau mo
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nam 17
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
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Tr lng (x1012 m3) 72.83 64.02 14.21 14.06 7.32 7.10 179.53
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.1.2. Vi t Nam Tiem nang dau kh, ac biet la kh kha ln: + Tr lng tiem nang: ~ 1.500 ty m3, gom: 160 ty m3 kh ong hanh 1.130 ty m3 kh khong ong hanh
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Cac bon trung cha dau kh chnh (chiem 90% tr lng co the thu hoi): + Bon trung Cu Long: Tr lng tiem nang : trieu m3 quy dau (20%). Tr lng xac minh: dau, 56 ty m3 kh ong hanh,
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kh khong
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
+ Bon trung Nam Con Sn: Tr lng tiem nang: m3 quy dau (17%) 650 750 trieu
Tr lng xac minh: chu yeu la kh, gom: 74 trieu m3 dau, 15 ty m3 kh ong hanh, 159 ty m3 kh khong ong hanh,
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
+ Bon trung Song Hong: Tr lng tiem nang: quy dau (14%). 550 700 trieu m3
Tr lng xac minh: 208 ty m3 kh, chu yeu la kh co ham lng CO2 cao.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
+ Kh Malay -Tho Chu: Tr lng tiem nang: quy dau (5%). 12 trieu m3 dau, 3 ty m3 kh ong hanh, 45 ty m3 kh khong ong hanh am bao khai thac on nh dai han vi cong suat 2,7 ty m3/nam.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
+ Bon trung Phu Khanh: Tr lng tiem nang: 300 700 trieu m3 quy dau (10%). + Bon trung Vung May: Tr lng tiem nang: dau (30%). Chu yeu la kh. 1 1,5 ty m3 quy
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Lng kh thin nhin thng c tnh quy i v du da trn lng nhit cung cp ca kh v du theo h s sau:
5,487 cubic feet of natural gas = one barrel of crude oil
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.2. Phn l ai kh thin nhin
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
bo: da trn hm lng C3+: Kh gy: [C3+] < 250 g/m3. Kh bo thp: [C3+] ~ 250 - 350 g/m3. Kh bo cao: [C3+] ~ 350 - 400 g/m3. Kh rt bo: [C3+] > 600 g/m3.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.2.2. Theo hm l ng kh chua
Kh chua: cha H2S, CO2, mercaptan RSH, carbon disulfur CS2, carbonyl sulfide COS. Kh ngt: [H2S] < 4 ppm
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.2.3. Theo m kh
Kh ng hnh (kh du m): t m du, thng thuc lai kh bo. Kh khng ng hnh (kh thin nhin): t m kh, thuc lai kh kh (kh gy).
Kh (%tt) Kh thin nhin Kh m du CH4 70-97,5 35-90 C2H6 0,1-8 4-20 C3H8 0,1-4 3-30 C4H10 0,01-1 2-13 C5H12 0-0,3 1-4 N2 & cht khc 1-15 0,5-11
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Kh thin nhin
Kh ng hnh
Condensate
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.3. Thnh ph n ha h c v tnh ch t c a kh thin nhin v kh d u m
1.3.1. Thnh ph n ha h c
Kh thin nhin:
C1 (ch yu), ethane, propane, n-butane, iso-butane, C5+ (t). CO2, H2S, RSH, He, Ar.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
B ng 1.3. Thnh phn kh thin nhin trc khi ch bin.
C u t Methane Ethane Propane Iso-butane N-butane Iso-pentane N-pentane N-hexane N-heptane N-octane
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Nhi t si, 0 C -161,5 -88,5 -42,2 -12,1 -0,5 27,9 36,1 69,0 98,4 125,6
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Thnh phn (%mol) N2 CO2 CH 4 C2H6 C3H8 i-C4H10 n-C4H10 i-C5H12 n-C5H12 C6+
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Bch H 0,146 0,032 73,557 12,563 7,155 1,631 2,348 0,657 0,742 1,150 0,01
Ruby (G 2) 0,25 0,11 73,66 11,76 7,16 1,59 2,42 0,73 0,79 1,53 0,01
Lan Ty, Lan (G 1) 0,34 1,87 88,62 4,22 2,36 0,59 0,57 0,24 0,16 im sng: -100C 70 bar
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Hi nc
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Thnh phn (%tt) CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 H2S CO2 N2
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Php
UK North Sea Bc 95,05 2,86 0,49 0,17 0,05 Vt 1,26 Nam 78,8 10,1 5,7 2,2 1,4 Vt 1,4 0,7
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.3.2. Tnh ch t v t l c a kh thin nhin Nhit tr:
L lng nhit sinh ra khi t chy mt n v th tch nhin liu. n v: kcal/m3, Btu/ft3, Nhit lng chy ca kh thin nhin ~ 37.700 54.600 J/kg. Nhit lng chy ca kh xng ~ 4.600 50.000 J/kg. http://online.unitconverterpro.com/
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Nhit lng tng: nhit lng sinh ra khi t chy kh vi lng khng kh l thuyt, nc sinh ra c lm lnh v ngng t. Nhit lng thc: nhit lng sinh ra khi t chy kh, nc to thnh vn th kh. Tc cung cp nhit: Tc cung cp nhit (kcal/h) = Nhit tr (kcal/Nm3) x th tch (Nm3/h)
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Trng lng ring:
Kh thin nhin: d ~ 0,540 0,650. Kh ng hnh: cao hn, c th nng hn khng kh.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Gii hn chp chy:
i vi kh thin nhin: 5 15 %tt
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Tnh cht Nhit tr tng, kcal/m3 T trng Tr s Wobbe, kcal/m3 Tc chp chy cc i, m/s Th tch khng kh cn cho s chy, Nm3/1000 kcal Gii hn chp chy, %tt trong KK Nhit ngn la cc i trong KK, 0C
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Hiu ng Joule Thompson:
Kh p sut cao c gin n trong bnh cha p sut thp, m khng sinh ra cng, v khng c trao i nhit vi bn ngai th nhit kh s gim. Trung bnh gim 1 at th nhit gim 0,30C.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
1.4. S ch bi n kh v s n ph m kh
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
X l kh:
Dehydrat ha. Lm sch.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
n nh ha:
Tch methane. Tch ethane.
X l sn phm:
Dehydrat ha. Ngt ha: Lai H2S, COS, CS2. Lai CO2.
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
4.2. S n ph m qu trnh ch bi n kh v ng d ng
Sn phm s cp: kh xng, kh ha lng, kh kh, cc hydrocarbon n cht C1 C5. ng dng: sn xut in, nng nghip, cng nghip, dn dng, giao thng vn ti, nguyn liu cng nghip ha cht,
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Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
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Sn xut in
Lng cht thi t nh my turbin hn hp chy nhin liu kh ch bng 45% so vi nh my chy than v 60% so vi nh my chy du.
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Nh my nhi t i n Ph M
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NH MY X L KH DINH C
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Nh My m PH M
a im : Phu My, Vung Tau Nng Sut Ur : 740.000 T/year NH3 : 51.000 T/year Vn u T :430 million $US Vn Hnh : June 2004
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Khai thc Metanol C2 Formaldehyt Dnxut C1 Kh tng hp Etylen Polyetylen Propylen VA Butadien Propin Butylen Metan Tch Kh Etan Propan Butan Lm sch C3+ Cracking Reforming Xut khu Etylen Propylen Butadien Cht thm Xng
PVA
Polypropylen
Nha epoxy
Thy tinh hu c
MTBE,ETBE
Caosu
Ch ng 1: KHI NI M CHUNG
Mt s lai kh t (LPG) trn th trng Vit Nam LPG ca Petrolimex: 30% propane v 70% butane. Bnh 9 kg 13 kg 48 kg. LPG ca Saigon Petro: 52% propane v 47% butane. Bnh 12 kg 50 kg. LPG ca Elf Gas Saigon: ch yu l butane. Bnh 6 kg 12,5 kg 39 kg.
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