OPTICAL FIBER

OPTICAL FIBER
Technology that uses glass fibers and acts as waveguide to transmit data Flexible and transparent Substitutes of metal wires

OPTICAL FIBER
TYPES
Multi Mode - many signals per fiber - used in computer networks, lan applications Single Mode - one signal per fiber - used in telephones, cable tvs

OPTICAL FIBER
DESIGNS
Loose-Tube - filled with a water blocking gel - used for outside-plant installation in aerial, duct and direct-buried Tight-Buffered - protective thermoplastic - used for intra-building, risers, general building and plenum applications.

OPTICAL FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Core - thin glass center of the fiber where the light travels - has a higher index of refraction than the cladding

OPTICAL FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Cladding - Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back into the core - has a lower index of refraction than the core

OPTICAL FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Buffer coating - Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture

How does it work??

- using the principle of total internal reflection!

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Optical phenomenon Happens when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger tan a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary, thus no light can pass through and all of the light is reflected

OPTICAL RELAY SYSTEM

Transmitter: - which acts as an on andoff of light in a series - creating a signal that travels in the optical fiber Optical fibers: - conducts light signals over distance Optical regenerator: - important for transmitting ling in long distances - it dopes the light rays and creates a stronger and cleared light rays Optical receivers: - receives the light rays using the photo cell and translates it into electric signals

OPTICAL FIBER
Transparent - Light can directly pass through
Example: glass, water

Translucent
- Only small amount of light can pass through - Example: cellophane, frosted glass

Opaque
No light can pass through

- Example: paper, your hand

 ADVANTAGES

OPTICAL FIBER

economical has a higher carrying capacity immunity to static interference higher protection from the environment safer

APPLICATIONS
Telecommunications Local Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors