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(1) DBMS by Raghu Ramakrishnan (2) DBMS by Sudarshan and Korth
Unit 1 (2010-2011)
Unit 1 (2010-2011)
2. Storage: It is at this level the data starts transforming into information and stored on a medium.
3. Manipulation: The stored information is manipulated according to the requirements.
Unit 1 (2010-2011)
Database Approach
Many of the mentioned disadvantages are a result of the approach which concentrates on the systems processes first (process-driven approach) and treats the data as inputs and outputs to those processes. The database approach instead considers the systems data first (data-driven approach) and then identifies the processes that interact with the data. Designers have discovered that a combination of the two approaches is usually the most appropriate. One reason for this is that there are always new processes in organizations that require new data and the structure of such data will be driven by the processes that use it.
DBMS consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that makes it both convenient and efficient to retrieve and store the database information.
Unit 1 (2010-2011) Aditya Engineering College
SQL (Structured Query Language) is the most widely used query language
Unit 1 (2010-2011) Aditya Engineering College
Data Models
A collection of tools for describing - Data , Data relationships, Data semantics and Data constraints Relational model Entity-Relationship data model (mainly for database design) Object-based data models (Object-oriented and Object-relational) Semi structured data model (XML) Other older models: Network model & Hierarchical model A data model is a collection of concepts for describing data. A schema is a description of a particular collection of data, using a given data model. The relational model of data is the most widely used model today. Main concept: relation, basically a table with rows and columns. Every relation has a schema, which describes the columns, or fields.
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What Is a DBMS?
A very large, integrated collection of data. Models real-world enterprise. Entities (e.g., students, courses) Relationships (e.g., Ravi is taking DBMS) A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases.
Data independence and efficient access. Reduced application development time. Data integrity and security. Uniform data administration. Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.
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Physical level: describes how a record (e.g., customer) is stored. Logical level: describes data stored in database, and the relationships among the data. type customer = record customer_id : string; customer_name : string; customer_city : string; View level: application programs hide details of data types. Views can also hide information (such as an employees salary) for security purposes.
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Summary
DBMS used to maintain, query large data sets. Benefits include recovery from system crashes, concurrent access, quick application development, data integrity and security. Levels of abstraction give data independence. A DBMS typically has a layered architecture. DBAs hold responsible jobs and are well-paid! DBMS R&D is one of the broadest, most exciting areas in CS.