B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGH TP HCM

Gio vin hng dn: Th.S Nguyn Minh Nht Nhm thc hin: Nguyn Nh Nguyn Tn Thng ng Th Hong Yn Phm Th Huyn Trn 08DSH3 08DSH3 08DSH3 08DSH3

Li m u
Nui trng thy sn cng nh nhng ngnh cng nghip khc, lun lun i hi nhng k thut mi lm tng sn lng sn phm. Nhng k thut hin i v nhng ngnh khoa hc khc nh cng ngh sinh hc v vi sinh hc l nhng cng c quan trng nhm t c sn phm c cht lng tt hn v sn lng cao hn. S cho n v nhng k thut nui trng mi thng ng vai tr quan trng trong nui trng thy sn, v thm vo nhng cht ph gia nhm cn bng cng thc dinh dng t c s pht trin tt hn l cch lm thng thng ca nh sn xut v nng dn. Probiotics, tc nhn sinh hoc thn thin nh vi khun acid lactic v Baillus spp, c a vo mi trng nui cy iu khin v cnh tranh vi vi khun gy bnh cng nh y mnh s pht trin ca sinh vt nui cy. Ngoi ra, probiotics cn l nhng vi sinh vt khng gy bnh , khng c hi, khng gy tc dng ph khng mong mun vi nhng sinh vt sng trong nc.
Slide 2

CHUONG I: NG DNG CA PROBIOTIC

Slide 3

Trn c
Kennedy et al. (1998) s dng vi khun probiotic trong nui cy u trng c bin . H phn lp v s dng probionts trong nui cy c common snook, red drum, c hi m v c i sc lm tng kh nng sng st, kch thc ng nht v t l tng trng.

C i sc C common snook C hi m

C red rum

Carnevali et al. (2004) phn lp c Lactobacillus fructivorans (AS17B) t rut c vn bin gim ng k u trng v c con t vong trong nhm c m h tin hnh th nghim. C vn bin Gildberg et al. (1997) phn tch nh hng ca mt loi probiotic l vi khun acid lactic trong thc n ln s tng trng v t l sng st ca nhng con c tuyt i ty dng Lara-Flores et al. (2003) s dng 2 loi vi khun probiotic v nm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae trn c r phi con Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus nhng con c con vi ch n b sung probiotic c kh nng ln nhanh hn cho vi nhng con c vi ch n bnh thng C r phi

C tuyt i ty dng

Trn ng vt gip xc
Moriarty (1999) bo co cc thnh cng ca mnh trong vic s dng vi khun probiotic thay v thuc khng sinh kim sot Luminus vibrios trong nhng trang tri tm Negros, Philippine. Hiu qu ca ozone v cc ch phm sinh hc trn s sng st ca tm s c ghi nhn bi Meunpol et al.(2003). Khng lc ca vi khun Bacillus chng li bnh Vibrios c kim chng trn tm s(P.monodon), v c xut nh l gii php iu tr thay th cho thuc khng sinh trong nui tm(Vaseeharan & Ramasamy, 2003). Rengpipat et al. (2003): nghin cu s pht trin v kh nng khng bnh Vibrio trn tm s(P. monodon) m c cho n ch phm sinh hc Bacillus (BS11) s tng trng v t l sng st ca tm tng ng k Nogami and Maeda (1992) pht hin ra rng lng u trng cua (Portunus trituberculatus) tng ln sau khi b sung chng vi khun PM4 vo mi trng nc nui cy.

Trn ng vt thn mm v 2 mnh

Alteromons haloplanktis c phn tch t tuyn sinh dc ca S ip chile(Argopecten purpuratus) chng li cc tc nhn gy bnh c nhn bit nh Vibrio ordalii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum,V. alginolyticus v Aeromonas hydrophila . 2 chng A. haloplanktis v a Vibrio strain 11( cho thy hiu qu c ch V. anguillarum trong ng nghim) bo v u trng s chng li V. anguillarum (Riquelme et al., 1997; Verschuere et al., 2000). Douillet & Langdon (1994) b sung thm chng vi khun(CA2) nh l thc n b sung cho u trng hu Crassostrea gigas khin nhng u trng nay pht trin nhanh hn

V cht lng nc
ng dng ca mt nhm vi sinh vt c li (nh Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas, Cellulomonas, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodoseudomonas, Nitrosomonas v Acinetobacter) rt hu ch cho vic kim sot vi sinh vt gy bnh v cht lng nc (Prabhuet al, 1999; Shariff et al, 2001; Irianto & Austin, 2002) Douilett (1998) s dng probiotic hn hp ci thin cht lng nc trong c v gip xc bng cch gim nng hu c vt liu (OM) v amoniac. Vic b sung hn hp ny gip gim mt tp trung ca cc chng vi khun Vibrio v t kim sot bnh do chng Vibrio gy ra vi khun Bacillus spp c xem l ch phm sinh hc, c cng dng trong ci thin cht lng nc nh hng n thnh phn qun th vi sinh vt truyn qua nc v gim s tc nhn gy bnh trong cc trang tri nhng vng ln cn. Cc vi khun thuc chi Bacillus, Pseudomonas,Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Acinetobacter v Cellulomonas c bit l c vai tr trong vic khong ho hu c nc v lm gim s tch t ca ti trng hu c. (Shariff et al, 2001) vic s dng cc sn phm vi sinh vt trong nui trng thy sn nhm tng kh nng loi b amoniac Prabhu et al. (1999) s dng mt s vi sinh vt trong mt trang tri nui tm nh gi chng nh l mt yu t kim sot cht lng nc.

Lactobacillus acidophylus

Bacillus subtilis

Nitrobacter

lactobacillus

On human consumption
Theo Ayurveda, cch y khong 2500 nm trc Cng Nguyn mt trong nhng thnh tu khoa hc y t lu i nht l mc tiu th sa chua cho vic duy tr mt sc khe tt. Cc sinh vt sn xut axit trong ln men cc sn phm sa c th ngn chn nhim khun ng rut v do dn n ko di tui th ca ngi tiu dng (Heller, 2001). o Probiotics c mt lot cc nh hng n sc khe con ngi. Probiotic c dng trong cc ng dung nh: kch thch min dch, kim sot cc bnh d ng, iu tr cc bnh lin quan n tiu ha ng chng hn nh bnh vim rut, v kim sot ung th i trc trng v to bn.

CHNG II:

Vi khun acid lactic

y l loi vi khun Gram dng,khng c tnh di ng Cc loi khc nhau ca vi khun acid lactic : Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Aerococcus, Enterococcus, Vagococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium Chng c tm thy trong h vi sinh ng rut ca cc loi ng vt ng nhit khc nhau, trong sa v sn phm sa, sn phm thy sn (Ring & Gatesoupe, 1998).

Vi khun Bacillus
GingBacillus phn b rt rng trong t nhin, nht l trong t, chng tham gia tch cc vo s phn hy vt cht hu c nh vo kh nng sinh nhiu loi enzyme ngoi bo. Bacillus c tm thy gn 500 loi, l vi khun hnh que, gram dng, sinh trng hiu kh hoc k kh khng bt buc, tt c u hnh thnh ni bo t sinh vt thng c tm thy trong khng kh, nc, t, bi v cc lp trm tch (Gatesoupe nm 1999; Green et al, 1999; Moriarty, 1999). Chng cng tham gia lm h hng thc phm

 Sn xut ca cc hp cht c ch: Da vo tc dng khng khun ca vi khun sn xut nh : + thuc khng sinh. + bacteriocins. + sideropheros, + lysozyme, protease. + hydroperoxide. + thay i cc gi tr pH, v sn xut cc axit hu c v ammonia. Vi khun axit lactic v vi khun Bacillus sn xut mt s hp cht c th c ch s pht trin ca vi khun cnh tranh. Trong s nhng hp cht ny, bacteriocins l quan trng nht.

 S cnh tranh cho cc cht dinh dng, khng gian v Fe: - Cnh tranh cht dinh dng c th ng vai tr quan trng trong thnh phn ca h vi sinh vt ng rut hoc mi trng xung quanh ca cc loi thy sn. - Tng cng mt s chng vi khun nh khun sa v vi khun ca probiotic do c th lm gim cc cht nn c sn cho cc qun th vi khun khc. - St cn thit cho s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, cc chng vi khun c kh nng cnh tranh thnh cng i vi st trong mi trng rut. - Trong mt th nghim, Smith v Davey (1993) cho thy rng vi khun pseudomonad hunh quang ca vi khun cnh tranh c th c ch s pht trin ca mm bnh c Aeromonas salmonicida. Kt qu ca h cho thy rng c s pht hnh quang c l l do cnh tranh i vi st d.

 Cc hn ch ca vic s dng khng sinh: - Khng sinh c c s dng k t khi cuc chin tranh th chin th hai, v nhng loi thuc ny ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic cha bnh ngi v ng vt. - Ngy nay vic s dng khng sinh tr nn rng ri, nn ngun cung cp nguyn liu ang tnh trng bo ng. - Vic lm dng thuc khng sinh xut hin v ly lan vi khun khng khng sinh. - Hai iu kin cn thit cho vic khng khng sinh pht trin. u tin, c quan sinh vt phi tip xc vi khng sinh. Sau , chng li cc tc nhn gy bnh, mt s vi khun cht i cn mt s vi khun s sng st, bi v h mang gen khng. - Vi khun khng khng sinh gia tng nn ngi ta ngh thay th bng vi khun probiotic thay th cc phng php phng chng bnh.

 Kch thch s tng trng v ci thin cht dinh dng trong vt ch: - Nui trng thy sn l mt trong nhng la chn quan trng nht trong sn xut protein ng vt, v i hi thc n cht lng cao vi mt hm lng protein cao cng nh mt s ph gia b sung gi cho cc sinh vt khe mnh v tng trng. vi khun probiotic l mt ng c vin tt ci thin tiu ha cc cht dinh dng v tng trng trong cc sinh vt thy sn. - Cc ch n c b sung probiotic gip cho s tng trng cao hn so vi ch n kim sot. Ngoi ra, cc probiotic c th gim thiu nhng nh hng ca cc yu t stress. - Venkat et al. (2004) nh gi nh hng ca mt s probiotic. Theo kt qu ca h, s tng trng ng k c quan st khi cho u trng n ch n b sung probiotic.