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About MNRE
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the nodal Ministry of the Government of India for
1992-Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in 2006.
About MNRE
The Mission of the Ministry is to ensure
Energy Security: Lesser dependence on oil imports through development and deployment of alternate fuels and their
About MNRE
Vision
To develop new and renewable energy technologies, processes, materials, components, sub-systems, products & services at par with international specifications, standards and performance parameters
Korea
UK Russia Italy
8853
6067 6443 5656
South Africa
Brazil China India World
4770
2232 2471 734 2782
non-solar certificates
Generation of electricity based on other Renewable Energy
Capacity (MW)
14989 3154
13.55%
14.93% 70.95%
Solar Energy
by fusion
Solar Terminology
Beam Radiation or Direct Radiation (Ib):
Solar radiation received at earth surface without change of direction and in line with sun
Broad categories
Solar Photovoltaic (SPV)
Power generation
SRRA Station
2
3
Diffused Radiation
Direct Normal Incidence (DNI)
4
5 6
Ambient Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure Wind Speed & direction
RH/T Sensor
Barometer Ultrasonic Wind Sensor
7
8
Rainfall
9 10
SRRA Sites
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 States No. of stations Andhra Pradesh 06 Chhattisgarh 01 Gujarat 11 Haryana 01 Jammu & Kashmir 01 Karnataka 05 Maharashtra 03 Madhya Pradesh 03 Pondicherry 01 Rajasthan 12 Tamil Nadu 07 Total 51
Hybridization
Solar + gas / coal / oil / any other fuel
Storage
Solar + Thermal Storage
World figures
Under operational Under construction = = 1143 MW 1375 MW
sea water.
The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 5001000 C and then used as a heat source for a power generation
World status:
Under operational Under construction = = 37 MW 388 MW
generate power.
World status
Under operational Under construction = = 2 MW 1 MW
World status
Under operational Under construction = = 75 MW 65 MW
37.5
8.4 1.72 1265.62
ISCC
dish Fresnel Reflector Total
65
1 0 1829.4
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_thermal_power_stations
The heat can then be extracted from these storage media at night or during cloudy periods to generate electricity
Photovoltaic System
PV Technology Classification
Silicon based Crystalline
Mono Crystalline (Single-Crystal) PV Cells Multi Crystalline (Poly-Crystal) PV Cells Amorphous Silicon (Thin film) PV Cells
PV Technology
Mono Crystalline (Single-Crystal) PV Cells
These are extremely thin wafers of silicon, cut from a single silicon crystal. These are most efficient silicon cells (12 to 15%) and have a life of 25 years
PV Technology
Multi Crystalline (Poly-Crystal) PV Cells
These are cut from multiple crystals grown together in an ingot. They are slightly less efficient (10 to 12%) and requires more surface area to produce a given amount of electricity
However, the overall cost benefits are attractive
PV Technology
Amorphous Silicon (Thin film) PV Cells
Amorphous silicon is sometimes abbreviated "aSi" and is also called thin film silicon. Amorphous silicon units are made by depositing very thin layers of vaporized silicon in a vacuum onto a support of
PV Technology
Non-Silicon based Crystalline
Copper Indium Diselinide
CIS with band gap 1 eV, high absorption
coefficient 105 cm-1 High efficiency levels ~ 15 to 18%
PV Technology
Emerging technologies
Ultra Thin Wafer Solar Cells
Thickness ~ 45m Cell Efficiency as high as 20.3%
Wind Energy
Broad categories
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT)
energy utilization
Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane Medium turbines use wind sensor coupled with servo motor Large turbines will have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the rotor into a faster rotation and is suitable to drive an electrical generator
Disadvantages
Massive tower construction, structural failures due to turbulence and maintenance issues Require an additional yaw control mechanism to turn the
The generator and other primary components can be placed near the ground
Easies the construct and maintenance
Bio Energy
Bio energy
Three types
Biomass (solid), Biofuel (liquid), Biogas (gaseous)
Biomass
Biomass refers to agriwaste and organic forest residue, which includes
Wood, wood waste, straw, sugar cane leftovers, garden waste
and crop residues like baggase, prosopys, cotton stalk, elephant grass, coconut shell etc.
Bio energy
Biofuel
Bio-Diesel is produced from oils or fats.
Feedstock for Bio-Diesel include animal fats, vegetable oils, soy,
rapeseed, jatropha, mahua, mustard, flax, sunflower, palm oil, hemp, field pennycress, pongamia pinnata and algae. Pure Bio-Diesel is the lowest emission diesel fuel.
Bio energy
BioGas
It is produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of
country
Mission anticipates achieving grid parity by 2022 and parity will coal based thermal power by 2030.
Mission Targets
3- phase approach has been formulated
Application Segment Phase - I 2010-13 Utility grid power Off- grid Applications Solar Thermal Collectors Area Manufacturing Base Solar Lighting Systems 1,100 MW 200 MW 7 million Sqm --Phase-II 2013-17 4,000-10,000 MW 1,000 MW 15 million Sqm --Phase- III 2017-22 20,000 MW 2,000 MW 20 million Sqm 4,000-5,000 MW 20 million
Mission Strategy
Create necessary environment to attract industry and project developers for investment in power
generation, manufacturing. Work closely with State governments, regulators, power utilities and local self government bodies. Attract banks and financial institutions to provide necessary finance for setting up solar power projects for grid/ off-grid. Promote off-grid solar applications to meet light and power requirements by provision of low cost credit through re-finance facility from IREDA
power plants.
Rooftop solar PV and other small power plants connected to LT/11 KV grid with a remunerative feed-in tariff ( routed through IREDA)
Fund Requirements
First stage
A Grid Connected 1,100 MW Approximately Rs. 16,500 crores 200 MW Rs. 5,000 crores C Solar Thermal collectors 7 million meter square Rs. 7,000 crores
Second Stage
20,000 MW Approximately Rs. 3,00,000 crores 2,000 MW Rs. 50,000 crores 20 million meter square Rs. 20,000 crores
Off-Grid Applications
under migration
PPAs signed with 16 developers on 15th October 2010 PSA signed with Distribution Utilities of Rajasthan (66 MW), Maharashtra (11 MW) and Punjab (7 MW) Cost of bundled power = Rs. 5.69/kWh, considering
PPAs with 36 SPDs signed for 615 MW capacity upto 10th January 2011. PSAs signed with Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh
1
2 3 4 5 6 7
Rajasthan
Gujarat Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Maharashtra Orissa Tamil Nadu
105
15 10 5 5 5
400
20 50
505
20 65 10 5 5 5
Uttar Pradesh
Total
5
150 470
5
620
from Date of Commissioning Back-to-back contracts: PPAs and PSA are on backto-back basis
PPA
X MW
X MW X+X MW
NVVN
PSA
Discom
SPD & NVVN signs a PPA for X MW of Solar power for a term of 25 years at a Tariff determined by CERC.
NVVN bundles X MW Solar Power with X MW unallocated coal power and come up with a bundled tariff PPAs and PSA are on back-to-back basis
NVVN & Discoms signs a PSA for 2X MW Bundled Power at the rate identified in the PSA.
capacity 98 MW
shortlisted.
PPAs where signed and registered with
IREDA
(MW)
1-5 5-10
10-50
50-100
15.5
15
MAJOR STATES
GUJARAT RAJASTHAN TAMIL NADU KARNATAKA 51 MW 43.65 MW 7 MW 6 MW
MAHARASHTRA 18 MW
renewable power
Policy Direction
Introduction of Generation Based Incentives. Introduction of Penal provisions for not meeting
RPOs.
Introduction
Certificates.
Renewable Energy Law
Market Barrier
1. Solar Technology Low awareness Technology Input variation Output variation Yearly variation 2. Industrial Experience of Technology
3. Standards of technology not there Efficiency Output/ Input standard Component standard 4. Cost of the system Cost of System Availability hours
Cost of back up
to be 50:50 by NVVN
84 MW capacity projects (54 PV & 30 Thermal) allocated under Migration Selection of PV projects to be done in two batches First Batch in 2010 and limited to 150 MWp Second batch next year of approximately 300 MWp Solar Thermal: selection for 470 MW to be done in 2010
Performance Monitoring
Refinancing MoU signed by IREDA with NABARD, NHB and Central Bank of India.
Financing Schemes
Project Financing Schemes Equipment Financing Schemes Financing Through Intermediaries Quantum of Assistance - Upto 70% of Project Cost Rate of Interest - 11.25% to 12.75%
Resource Base
Authorized Share Capital :Rs 1000 Cr
Paid-up Capital
Net-worth
:Rs 520 Cr
:Rs 871 Cr :Rs 1115.69 Cr
International Partners
Govt of Netherlands, 1991 World Bank (1st LoC), 1993 DANIDA, 1993 : 18 Million Dutch Guilders :$ 145 Million :$ 15 Million
Asian Development Bank, 1997 :$ 100 Million KfW, Germany (1st LoC), 1999 : 61.35 Million
:$ 110 Million
: 50 Million : 19.9 Million
Highlights
Dedicated FI for RE Financing Unique in the World Specialized knowledge of RE / EE sector
Administration of Interest subsidy scheme through banks / financial institutions Funding of projects Funding through intermediaries
Solar Manufacturing
Warranty Risk
Political Risk
Policy Risk
Assurance of long term policy with greater accuracy and uncertainties in development of the solar sector.
Proper Resource assessment studies. Provision of partial risk guarantee fund from Govt. Importance projects. To create special single window clearance cell at state level. of timely clearances/approvals for solar
Financial Incentives
Soft loan at @ 2 % for domestic sector @ 3% for non profit organizations and 5% for profit making
organizations
5 years loan repayment period 5 years Annual Maintenance Contract
85% of project cost as loan, availability for any capacity and for any end user
80% Depreciation for end user Custom and Excise Exemptions
GBI based incentives @ Rs 18.45 for SPV and Rs. 15.31 for solar thermal power
Name of applicant Acme Tele Power Ltd, Gurgaon Dalmia Solar Power Ltd, New Delhi Entegra Ltd, Ansal Bhawan, New Delhi
Capacity (MW) 10 10
Rajasthan
10
In the first phase 16 developers projects submitted based on SPV with an aggregate capacity 84 MW and Solar Thermal with an aggregate capacity 30 MW
Mission
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India have proposed to develop
Capacity limit
capacity of 1 MW and up to 3 MW
2 Projects connected at LT level of distribution network with installed 20 MW
Components Of Tariff
The following are the components of tariff for solar energy:
Capital Cost Capacity utilization factor De-rating Debt-equity ratio Term of loan
Rate of interest
Interest on Working Capital Return on equity Life of plant and machinery Rate of depreciation Operation and maintenance expenditure Auxiliary Consumption
Capital Cost
The cost of a solar power project is mainly dependent on the cost of PV modules / plant and machinery, technology adopted, location of the site and capacity The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA) has recommended a capital cost of Rs. 18 to 20 Crores per MW for Solar PV thin film technology and Rs. 22 to 25 Crores per MW for Solar PV single / multi crystalline technology The Commission decides that the Infrastructure Development Charges (IDC) of Rs. 25.75 lakhs per MW should be loaded to the capital cost. Accordingly, the capital cost is refixed as Rs. 17.1575 crores per MW.
Solar PV has one of the highest capital costs of all renewable energy sources, but it has relatively low
Amount
% of
(in Rs crores)
8 2 2 2
Total
50 12 13 10
Others (Infrastructure,
Margins)
15
rated capacity over the yearly period. CUF for Solar PV project
depends on solar radiation and number of clear sunny days. The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited
De-rating
De-rating factor has not been foreseen by other
State Commissions / CERC. It is natural that any material used in the PV module for energy conversion, loses its efficiency due to Aging Being a new area without information on past
Term of Loan
The Commission fixed a tenure of ten years
with moratorium of one year in its Tariff Order based on the consideration that term loans sanctioned by IREDA stipulated this tenure. The Commission decides to retain the same tenure in this order.
Rate of interest
CERC has considered the long-term PLR of State Bank of India plus 150 basis points
Return on Equity
CERC has adopted RoE of 19% pre tax for the first ten years and 24% for the remaining 15 years for solar PV projects The Commission decides to adopt 19.85%
solar
PV
plant
life
of
25
years
as
Rate of Depreciation
CERCs recommended Differential Depreciation Approach over loan tenure and period beyond loan tenure over useful life computed on Straight Line Method. It is proposed to adopt the rate prescribed in the CERCs regulation, i.e. depreciation rate of 7% for
repairs,
cost.
spares,
consumables,
insurance
and
Auxiliary Consumption
Auxiliary consumption is the auxiliary power
the
power
conditioning
units,
lighting
of
office/station yard, water sprinklers, monitoring and control units, communication services etc. Commission considers 2% of auxiliary consumption is reasonable for solar PV power plants.
Contacts
www.mnre.gov.in, www.ireda.in Dr Ashviki Kumar, Director, Solar Thermal, Power Projects,
ashvinikr@nic.in, 24363546
Dr. Sant Ram, Director, Solar Thermal (off-grid), santrammnes@nic.in, 24361920 Dr B. Bhargava, Director, Solar PV (Grid), bhargava@nic.in, 24361891 Dr G. Prasad, Director, SPV (off-grid), g.prasad@nic.in Dr. A. R. Shukla, Advisor, Bio-Gas, shuklaar@nic.in, 24361604 Dr. D.K. Khare, Director, Bio-Mass, dkkhare@nic.in, 24363402
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