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What is GPRS?
A new bearer service for GSM that greatly improves and simplifies wireless access to packet data networks,e.g to the internet.
Motivation
GSM Architecture
PSTN
ISDN MS BTS BSC GMSC PDN
GPRS Architecture
Other GPRS PLMN Gp SGSN Gn Gr Gc GGSN D MSC/VLR HLR GGSN
BSC
BTS BTS
Gb
Gf
Gs EIR
Gi
PDN
MS
Protocol Architechture
Transmission Plane
GPRS specifies a tunnel mechanism to transfer user data packets .
Signalling Plane
GTP specifies a tunnel control management protocol.The signalling is used to create modify and delete tunnels.
Session Management
After Successful attach a MS gets one or more Packet Data Protocol(PDP) address.This address is unique only for a particular session. It consists of, PDP type PDP address assigned to MS Requested QoS Address of the corresponding GGSN
Session Management(Contd.)
PDP-Address allocation: Static:Assigned by network operator of Users home PLMN. Dynamic:Assigned by Corresponding GGSN.
SGSN
GGSN
Routing
BSC BSC
BTS MS PLMN1
Intra-PLMN GPRS Backbone
BTS SGSN
SGSN
Gn
Border Gateway
Gp
Border Gateway
PLMN2
Gn Gn
GGSN
Gi
Packet Data Network(PDN) Eg.Internet,Intranet Router LAN Host
SGSN
GGSN
Location Management
MS frequently sends location update messages to inform the SGSN where it is. Determining frequency of update messages is non-trivial. The location update frequency is dependent on the state of the MS.
Location Management(Contd.)
A MS can be in 3 states: IDLE READY STANDBY
Protocol Architechture
Transmission Plane The protocols provide transmission of user data and its associated signalling Signalling Plane Comprises protocols for the control and support of functions of the transmission plane
Transmission Plane
Physical layer
PLL:channel coding,detection of errors, forward error correction, interleaving, detection of physical link congestion RFL:modulation and demodulation
Network Layer (IP or X.25) Relay SNDCP LLC GTP TCP/UDP IP Data Link Service Phy Layer GTP TCP/UDP IP Data Link Layer Phy layer
Relay
RLC MAC BSSP Network Service BSSGP Network Service Phy Layer
PLL RFL
Phy Layer
Gm BSS RLC :Radio link control PLL :Physical link layer RFL :Physical RF layer MAC:Medium access control
Gb SGSN GGSN BSSGP:BSS GPRS Application protocol GTP :GPRS tunneling protocol TCP :Transmission control protocol UDP :user datagram protocol IP :Internet Protocol
Gi
Transmission Plane
BSS
MAC
PLL RFL
PLL RFL
Um
SNDCP:Subnetwork dependent convergence protocol LLC :Logical link control RLC :Radio link control
BSS
Relay BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
GSM/RF
MAC
GSM RF
Um
Network service
Physical layer
Gb
Network layer
Phy Layer
GMM/SM:GPRS Mobilty Management and session Management Protocol GSM/RF:GSM physical layer(radio interface) I.e.PLL and RFL
Signalling Plane:MSSGSN
Phy Layer
Gs Signalling Plane SGSN MSC/VLR
Phy Layer
SGSN
MAP TCAP
SCCP
MTP3 MTP2 Phy Layer
SCCP
MTP3 MTP2 Phy Layer
Gr MAP TCAP SCCP MTP :Mobile Application Part :Transaction capabilities and application part :Signalling connection control part :Message transfer part
2
935.2 MHz 935 MHz 1
124
123
... 200 KHz ... 2 890.2 MHz 1 TDMA Frame Uplink 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1
890 MHz
Uplink
Carrier Frequency
F4 0 F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4
Downlink
GPRS User3
One PDCH acts as Master Master holds all PCCCH channels The rest of channels act as Slaves PDCH(s) are increased or decreased according to demand Load supervision is done in MAC Layer
Capacity on demand
Channel
PDTCH PBCCH PRACH
Function
Data Traffic Broadcast Control Random Access Access Grant Paging Notification Associated Control Timing Advance Control
Direction
MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS BSS
BSS Packet channel Request Packet Immediate assignment Packet resource Request Packet resource assignment
Random Access
Frame Transmission
Transmission
Negative Acknowledgement
Retransmission of blocks in error Acknowledgement
Packet channel Request Packet Immediate assignment Packet paging response Packet resource assignment
Paging
PDTCH
PACCH PDTCH PACCH
Transmission
GPRS allows a mobile to transmit data in up to 8 PDCHs (eight-slot operation) 3-bit USF at beginning of each radio block in downlink points to next uplink radio block Comparison with single-slot GSM
Conclusion
GPRS provides efficient access to Packet Data Networks. Multislot operation in GPRS leads to efficient channel utilization. GPRS is more effective for long data packet transmission than short ones.
References
General Packet Radio Service in GSM, Jian Cai and David J. Goodman, Rutgers University, IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct 1997 http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys/3q99issue/bett stetter.html http://www.wsdmag.com/2000/aug2200/38-45.html Wireless Internet Access based on GPRS, IEEE Personal Comm. April 2000.