Chapter:5

Masonry Design

Learning Outcome:
Student will be able: To explain design concept for unreinforced masonry wall. To design load bearing brick wall and wall panel.

Introduction- Masonry Design Standard use:

BS 5628: Part 1. Eurocode 6 Bricks Blocks Mortars

Load Bearing wall Non-Loadbearing wall

Main Materials:

Primary Usage:

Other traditional usage:

Road, Tunnels, Bridges, Retaining Walls and Sewerage Systems Or almost the whole village:

The 2000 Years Old Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain

30 meters high and 800 meters long 166 Arches and 120 Pillars Constructed entirely of Granite Blocks No cement or mortar Use to functions as an elevated water channel From Rio Frio into the city.

 Replace by reinforced concrete due to superior strength and cost. Recaptured market through aesthetic value Structural, thermal and acoustic (sound proof) properties.
Fire and weather resistance Faster and cheaper Maintenance free and durable Can be Reinforced and Prestressed

Resist lateral (wind) and vertical loading

BS 5628: Code of Practice for Use of Masonry

Part 1: Structural Use of Unreinforced Masonry Part 2: Structural Use of Reinforced and Pre-stressed Masonry Part 3: Materials and Components, Design and Workmanship

Materials
Bricks or Blocks Mortar or Grout Wall ties (BS 1243 or DD140) Damp-proof

Masonry Design - Unreinforced

Load bearing walls resist vertical loading With or without stiffening piers Panel walls resist lateral loading

 Wall of 25 meters range in Tawau, Sabah

Symbols
t - actual thickness of wall h - height of panel between restraints L - length of wall between restraints A - cross-sectional area of loaded wall Z - sectional modulus tef - effective thickness of wall hef effective height of wall (Cl. 28.3.2) K - effective thickness coefficient (Table 5, BS) depend on spacing of piers and tp/t. ex - eccentricity of loading at top of wall - slenderness ratio (SR), hef /tef - capacity reduction factor (Table 7, BS 5628) depend on =hef /tef and ex. Fk - Total characteristic loads Gk - characterictic dead load (BS 648: Schedule of Weights for Building Materials) Qk - characteristic imposed load (BS 6399: Design Loadings for Buildings, Part 1) Wk - Characteristic wind load (CP3: Chap. V: Wind Loads) f - partial safety factor for load (Clause 22, BS 5628) m - partial safety factor for materials: 2.5 3.5 (Table 4, BS 5628) fk - characteristic compressive strength of masonry (Table 2 & Clause 23.1, BS 5

Design of vertically loaded masonry walls

Ultimate Design Load,N < Design Load Resistance, NR. N = f Fk: choose greater of:
N = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk. N = 1.2 (Gk + Qk + Wk)

Design strength of masonry = fk/m.

See Table 1 & Table 2, BS 5628 Table 5.5 & 5.8 (Note)

Brickwork Table 2 (a)

If Horizontal A < 0.2m2, fk,mod = fk (0.7 + 1.5A): [clause 23.1.1, BS 5628] If thickness of wall,t = width of brick, fk,mod = fk (1.15): [clause 23.1.2, BS 5628]

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 5.9

 Blockwork Table 2 (b, c, d)

Shape factor = height/least horizontal lengthof block (h/tb) (Figure 5.9) Use interpolation between table for shape factor between 0.6 (Table 2b) and 2.0 (Table 2c). If Horizontal A < 0.2m2, fk,mod = fk (0.7 + 1.5A)

Slenderness ratio (SR), =hef /tef

Effective height (hef)
= L - if support provide simple resistance to lateral movement (bearing less than t/2 or 90mm) = 0.75 L if support provide enhanced resistance to lateral movement (Min bearing greater than t/2 and 90mm)

Effective thickness (tef)

= t for single leaf wall = tK if stiffened with piers: (K from Table 5, BS 5628) = max of (2/3(t1 + t2), t1, t2) for unstiffened cavity wall = max of (2/3(t1 + Kt2), t1, Kt2) for stiffened cavity wall

Eccentricity of Vertical Loading, ex

Design Vertical Load Resistance of Walls, NR

NR = stress x area = (fk/m)(t x 1) NR = t (fk/m) N < NR f Fk < t (fk/m)

Design procedure for vertically loaded walls.

Example 1: Design of a load bearing brick wall.

Solution

Solution