FAILURE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS AND REMEDIAL SOLUTIONS

project by CH.Vinay 08K81A0213 B.Dayakar 09K85A0203 A.Harish 09K85A0205 R.Naveen kumar 08K81A0245

Project Work Done at: VIJAI ELECTRICALS Ltd, RUDRARAM, PATANCHERU,MEDAK, ANDHRA PRADESH. Internal Guide: Mr. Shashidhar Reddy , HEAD OF EEE Department, St. Martins Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad.

INTRODUCTION
The high rate of failure of secondary distribution

transformers in power systems may perhaps be described as one of the tragedies of distribution system management of present times, especially in developing countries like India.

FAILURE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

Factors Responsible For Failure

MANUFACTURE DEFECTS
UTILITY DEFECTS

NATURAL CALAMITIES

1. Transformer size
2. Improper use of aluminum wire 3. Use of inferior quality material 4. Improper alignment of HV winding 5. Improper clamping arrangement

Loose aluminum wires around the LV bushing terminals

1. Operational defects

2. Maintenance defects 3. Installation defects

Operational defects:
Overloading of DTR Improper size of HG fuse

Use of diaphragm in explosion vent

Maintenance defects:
Tree branches touching LT line Non maintenance of breather Silica gel maintenance Oil leak in bushings

Low oil level

high oil level

* A tree branch growing near the vicinity of the

transformer

* Transformers received without breather for repairs

and breather pipe is sealed with rubber cap or metallic cap

Installation defects
Improper construction of DTR improper sag in LT lines

fig:damaged or burnt LT terminals

NATURAL CALAMITIES
Heavy lightning
Bushings flashover Failure due to bird fault

Determining cause of failure

Manufacturing defects Utility defets and natural calamities

DTR FAILURE MANAGEMENT

Important steps of process are
Declaration of failure
Replacement of failed unit Repair of failed unit

The graph below shows the trend of failure rate of distribution transformer from 1999-2000 to 2004-05 in Haryana (HERC)

Conventional Transformer In Operation

Air break switch and HG fuse

Air break switch

HG fuse

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Simple in construction Easy to maintain Disadvantages It doesn't give full protection to transformer. Less relaible

COMPLETE SELF PROTECTION (CSP) TECHNOLOGY

A Remedial Solution To High Rate Of Failure Of Transformers

CSP transformer

COMPONENTS OF CSP SYSTEM

Primary Side
1.Air Break Switch

Secondary Side
4. Circuit Breaker

2.Horn Gap Fuse

3.Primary Fuse

5.Secondary Fuse
6.Surge Arrestor

Primary fuse :
The primary fuse placed in series with the primary winding mounted inside the HV bushings will blow for the faults occurring in the winding or other internal parts of the transformer.

SECONDARY CIRCUIT BREAKER:

For Overload And Secondary Fault Protection
EXTERNAL VIEW
INTERNAL VIEW

SIGNAL LIGHT
It gives a visual external indication that the transformer has reached a specified level of over load and over duration at least once
signal lights used in CSP distribution transformers

Lightening arrester
Surge Arrester Is Used To Divert The Transient Over Voltage Surges To Earth & Thus Protect the Sub Station Equipments From Lightning And Switching Over Voltage Surges.

Distribution transformer with CSP

Bushings

Radiator channels

Handle

Signal light

SINGLE PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

BENEFITS OF CSP TECHNOLOGY

Lower Installed Cost
Less time for installation Easier and simpler Installation Safer operation

THANK YOU