Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF v m phng

in t 5-K50
Nhm SV thc hin:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Nguyn Quang Dng. Nguyn c Khoa. Minh Sn. Hong Hoi Nam. Nguyn Vit Ton.

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Mc lc Mc lc
1. nh tuyn. 1.1. Khi nim nh tuyn. 1.2.Cc kiu nh tuyn. 2. Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF: 2.1. Khi nim OSPF. 2.2.OSPF Message. 2.3. OSPF Packet Header. 2.4. Thit lp Neighbour. 2.5. Thut ton trong OSPF. 2.6.LSA. 2.7 DR v BDR trong mi trng a truy cp. 3.M phng bng Packet Tracer.
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nh tuyn

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Routing.
Khi nim nh tuyn (Routing):

nh tuyn l qu trnh chn la cc ng i trn mt

mng my tnh gi d liu qua . - nh tuyn ch ra hng, ng i tt nht (best path)t ngun n ch ca cc gi tin (packet) thng qua cc node trung gian l cc router. -C 2 loi nh tuyn: tnh v ng.

-Trong nh tuyn tnh,sau khi cu hnh ng i l c nh.

Khi c thay i trong mng phi cu hnh li. Ph hp vi mng nh.Rt kh trin khai trong mng ln.

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Dynamic Routing:
Dynamic Routing: - nh tuyn ng chim u th trn mng Internet ngy nay. Cc ng i t ng c cp nht bi router. ng i n ch c tnh linh hot. Cc kiu nh tuyn ng: 1. RIP(Routing Information Protocol). 2. IGRP(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) 3. EIGRP(Enhanced IGRP) 4. OSPF(Open Shortest Path First) 5. IS-IS(Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System ) 6. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
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Dynamic Routing: Cc thut ton tm ng:

Distance Vector Link State

2 1.OSPF. 2. IS-IS.

1. RIP (ver 1 &2). 2. IGRP. 3. EIGRP.

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Khi nim OSPF:

OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn dng Link-State da trn chun m c pht trin thay th phng thc Distance Vector (RIP). OSPF ph hp vi mng ln, c kh nng m rng, khng b loop trong mng. u im ca OSPF: 1. Tc hi t nhanh. 2.H tr mng con (VLSM). 3.C th p dng cho mng ln. 4.Chn ng theo trng thi ng link hiu qu hn distance vector. 5. ng i linh hot hn. 6.H tr xc thc (Authenticate). Trong 1 h thng dng disistance vector (RIP) th mt mng ch qu 15 router th khng th n c. iu ny lm kch thc mng dng RIP nh, kh nng m rng km. OSPF th khng b gii hn v kch thc, tng kh nng m rng. OSPF c th cu hnh theo nhiu vng (area), bng cch ny c th gii hn lu thng trong tng vng. Thay i vng ny khng nh hng n vng khc . Do vy kh nng m rng rt cao.
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Lch s pht trin giao thc OSPF:

Qu trnh pht trin OSPF (bt u nghin cu t 1987).OSPF c m t trong chun ca IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). OSPF c tnh m (cng cng), khng mang tnh c quyn 1989 1991 1998

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OSPF Message.
- Mt OSPF Message c ng gi

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OSPF Packets:
Cc loi gi tin OSPF: 1.Hello: Khi to kt ni vi router OSPF khc.

2.DBD (Database description): cha danh sch ngn gn

database cc router link-state, kim tra tnh ng b d liu gia cc router. 3.LSR(Link State Request): Yu cu router gi nhiu thng tin v trng thi ng link. 4.LSU(Link State Update): Gi tin tr li li LSR, cha cc gi qung b Link-State. 5.LSAck: Khi LSU c nhn, LSAck s c gi.

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OSPF Packet Header:

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Thit lp Neighbor
Trc khi Router truyn trng thi ng link ca n,n cn phi bit cc router neighbor bng cch gi gi tin Hello.

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Thut ton trong OSPF:

Khi Router nhn c cc gi LSA, n s xy dng link-state database v dng thut ton Dijkstra's shortest path first (SPF) to ra SPF tree.Khi nhn thng tin mng thay i tnh li SPF.

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OSPF Metric:
Gi tr c s OSPF tnh ton ng i (OSPF metric) l cost

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Link-State Update (LSA)

Khi OSPF c khi to hoc c thay i trong mng, cc Router Ospf s truyn LSA trn mng. Gi LSA s truyn n tt c cc router trong mng

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DR & BDR
Chn DR & BDR gii quyt vn LSA b gi i trn lan trong mng nh hng n bandwidth. Trong mi trng a truy cp, OSPF s chn 1 router c ch nh (Designated Router) thu thp v qung b cc gi LSA. Mt router d phng khi DR b li (Backup Designated Router). Cc Router khc s l DROther . Thay v gi trn lan trong mng, cc Router ch gi LSA n DR v DBR. Sau DR s gi LSA ca Router 1 n cc Router khc . Cc Router (DROther) gi LSA n DR & BDR thng qua a ch multicast ( 224.0.0.6 ). DR li gi LSA n cc router khc thng qua a ch multicast 224.0.0.5.

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Hot ng ca DR
C ch hot ng ca DR.

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La chn DR & BDR:

Qu trnh chn la DR v BDR s theo quy tc sau: 1. DR: Router c s priority cao nht. 2. BDR : Router c s priority cao th 2. 3. Trong trng hp cc Router c s priority bng nhau th Router c s ID (router ID)cao nht s lm DR.

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La chn DR & BDR:

Qu trnh chn DR & BDR c tin hnh ngay khi cng ca Router u tin c ni vo mng a truy cp v c cu hnh giao thc OSPF.

Qu trnh ny c th mt vi pht, sau khi tt c Router c bt, Router vi s ID ln nht c th l DR.

Router ID: Dng chn DR & BDR trong mng. Router ID n gin l a ch IP, n l duy nht vi mi Router. N c l chn nh sau: 1. Cu hnh trc tip t Admin. 2. Nu khng c cu hnh, s chn a ch IP ln nht ca cng o (loopback interface). 3. Nu khng c loopback interface, a ch IP ln nht ca cng vt l (ang hot ng) s c chn lm Router ID.

Khi DR c chn, n s vn l DR cho n khi cc iu kin sau xy ra: 1. Router DR b li. 2. OSPF trn DR b li.. 3. Cng (interface) trn DR b li.
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Thay i DR & BDR

Trong trng hp DR b li, BDR s lm DR v s c tin trnh la chn chn ra Router mi lm BDR.

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Thay i DR & BDR

Khi c Router c a ch IP ln nht tham gia vo mng th DR v BDR vn khng thay i (khng chn li DR, BDR).

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Thay i DR & BDR

Nu Router DR c ht li, tham gia vo mng th vn b coi l DROther (Router thnh vin).

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Thay i DR & BDR

Khi Router BDR b li, mt tin trnh s chn la cc router cn li (tr DR) lm BDR (vi Router ID ln nht).

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Thay i DR & BDR

Ch khi c DR v BDR b li, OSPF s tin hnh tnh ton la chn li DR v BDR.

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M phng

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