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ng vt
Thc vt
D tr nng lng
Ch yu d tr carbon
soybean
sunflower
cotton
peanut
avocado
olive
S hp tc ca th ht v li ni cht.
Qu trnh sinh tng hp cung cp nng lng ln tng ng vi nng lng chuyn ha.
terpenoid waxe
Lm gim s mt nc
carotenoid
Tham gia vo qu trnh quang hp
sterol
C nhiu trong mng t bo thc vt
Du th l cht lng nhit phng. M, trong chim mt t l cao trong cc axit bo bo ha, rn nhit phng.
ca nhng protein xc
nh, gi l oleosins.
Cu trc mng t bo c o ca oleosome l kt qu t m hnh ca sinh tng hp triacylglycerol.
C 2 loi u cc glycerolipids:
Glyceroglycolipids Glycerophospholipids
Sinh tng hp acid bo bao gm cc chu trnh b sung 2C thc vt, acid bo c tng hp ring trong lp th.
S iu chnh cht ch Acetyl-CoA carboxylase dng nh kim sot c ton b t l ca s tng hp acid bo
Nhm acetate t acetyl-CoA chuyn n cysteine c trng ca enzyme ngng t (3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase).
Sau kt hp vi malonyl-ACP thnh acetoacetyl-ACP. Nhm keto carbon 3 c loi b bi cc tc ng ca ba loi enzyme to thnh butyryl-ACP. Butyryl-ACP v malonyl-ACP khc sau tr thnh cc c cht mi cho enzyme ngng t, kt qu l b sung thm 2carbon vo chui, v vng tip tc cho n khi 16 hoc 18 nguyn t cacbon c thm vo. Hu ht cc phn t c ko di n 18:0 ACP c chuyn i sang 18:1 ACP bi mt enzyme desaturase. S lp li ny to ra 16:0 ACP v 18:1-ACP l cc sn phm ch yu ca s tng hp acid bo th ht.
Butyryl-ACP v malonyl-ACP khc sau tr thnh cc c cht mi cho enzyme ngng t, kt qu l b sung thm 2-carbon vo chui, v vng tip tc cho n khi 16 hoc 18 nguyn t cacbon c thm vo.
Nhm acetate t acetyl-CoA Sau kt hp vi malonylchuyn n cysteine c trng ACP thnh acetoacetylca enzyme ngng t (3ACP ketoacyl-ACP synthase).
oleosomes.
Tc ng ca mt phosphatase c hiu l sn xut diacylglycerol (DAG) t axit phosphatidic. Acid phosphatidic cng c th c chuyn i trc tip thnh phosphatidylinositol hoc phosphatidylglycerol. DAG th gy ra s tng ln ca phosphatidylethanolamine hoc phosphatidylcholine
Hai con ng tng hp Glycerolipid: con ng prokaryotic (lc lp) v con ng eukaryotic (ER) Con ng prokaryotic s dng 16:0 v 18:1-ACP sn phm tng hp acid bo ca lc lp tng hp acid phosphatidic v cc dn xut ca n. Ngoi ra, cc axit bo c th c chuyn sang cc t bo cht nh l ester CoA.
Con ng eukaryotic s dng mt thit lp ring bit ca acyltransferases trong ER kt hp cc acid bo thnh acid phosphatidic v cc dn xut ca n.
Trong mt s thc vt bc cao (Arabidopsis v bina) 2con ng c vai tr gn nh nhau tng hp lipid lc lp. Tuy nhin, nhiu cy ht kn khc, phosphatidylglycerol
ng eukaryotic.
Tng hp triacylglycerol trong ht c du thng l ging vi glycerolipids. Cc enzyme quan trng trong qu trnh trao i cht ca ht c du l acyl-CoA: DAG acyltransferase v PC: DAG acyltransferase, l cht xc tc tng hp triacylglycerol. Cc phn t triacylglycerol tch t trong cu trc di mc t bo chuyn bit oleosomes- m t chng c th
mng t bo
Phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate(PIP2)
T gii phng Ca2+ vo t bo cht
Lipid
trng, nm bnh
V d: