CC TRNG THI VT L CA POLYMER

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha 2. S chuyn pha 3. ng cong c nhit 4. Trng thi thy tinh ha 5. Trng thi n hi cao 6. Trng thi chy nht

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha

1.1 Trng thi vt l (tp hp):
Trng thi kh Trng thi lng Trng thi rn Khc nhau v c trng chuyn ng v mt ca cc phn t hoc nguyn t.

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha

1.1 Trng thi vt l (tp hp): Trng thi kh: Nng lng chuyn ng nhit ca cc phn t >> nng lng tc dng tng h gia chng s chuyn ng hn lon ca cc phn t (tnh tin, quay v dao ng), mt phn t b, khng c hnh dng ring v d thay i th tch khi nhit thay i.

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha

1.1 Trng thi vt l (tp hp): Trng thi lng: + Trng thi trung gian gia trng thi kh v trng thi rn. + Lc ht tng h gia cc phn t ~ nng lng chuyn ng nhit ca chng. c hnh dng ring, nhng di tc dng ca ngoi lc n d dng thay i hnh dng.Th tch hu nh khng i di tc dng ca ngoi lc.

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha

1.1 Trng thi vt l (tp hp): Trng thi rn: + Mt phn t cao, cc phn t khng thay i v tr v chuyn ng quay nhng c s dao ng xung quanh v tr cn bng (10-13-10-14 dao ng/giy) => kh thay i hnh dng. + S khc bit v linh ng ca phn t dn n s khc nhau v c ch khuch tn.

1. Trng thi vt l (tp hp) & trng thi pha

1.2 Trng thi pha: C 2 quan im v pha: Nhit ng hc: Pha l mt phn ng nht ca h thng c tch ring vi cc phn khc nh b mt phn chia gia chng v khc nhau v tnh cht nhit ng. Cu trc cc pha khc nhau l do cch sp xp ca cc phn t . + Pha tinh th + Pha v nh hnh

2. S chuyn pha:
C 2 loi chuyn pha: loi 1 v loi 2 Loi 1: c nhng thay i nhy vt nhng tnh cht nhit ng hc v c trng bng n nhit ca s chuyn pha. VD: nng chy, kt tinh, ngng t, bay hi. Loi 2: khng c s thay i nhy vt m cc tnh cht nhit ng hc thay i t t, khng c n nhit ca s chuyn pha. S chuyn pha ny thng c nhng vt kt tinh bao gm c nhng qu trnh thay i tnh i xng ca tinh th.

3. ng cong c nhit:
3.1 ng cong c nhit nha nhit do:
bin dng
I (TTTT) II (TTMC)

III (TTCN)

Tg
Tg: nhit thy tinh ha Tph: nhit phn hy

Tc

Tph

Tc: nhit chy nht

T, 0C

3. ng cong c nhit:
3.1 ng cong c nhit nha nhit do: ngha CCNNND: Da vo CCN, xc nh c cc nhit chuyn trng thi v cc trng thi ca n Xc nh c vng gia cng vt liu t nhit nng chy => phn hy S dng vt liu hp l => nng cao tui th vt liu

3. ng cong c nhit:
3.1 ng cong c nhit nha nhit do: nh hng ca trng lng phn t n nhit chy Tc
Bin dng
M1 M2 M1<M2<M3<M4<M5 M3 M4 M5

Nhit ,0C

3. ng cong c nhit:
3.1 ng cong c nhit nha nhit do: nh hng ca a phn tn v c cc ca Polymer n Tc
Bin dng

3. ng cong c nhit:
3.2 ng cong c nhit nha nhit rn:
Bin dng (1)
CN

MC

(2)
TT TT

MC MC TT TT

3. ng cong c nhit:
ngha CCNNNR: + Xc nh c cc nhit chuyn trng thi v c trng cc trng thi ca n + Xc nh nhit thy tinh ha trc v sau phn ng=>gia cng vt liu + Xc nh nhit bt u ng rn v kt thc ng rn + Nu c nh c nhit ng rn=> xc nh c thi gian bt u p ng rn=>tc ng rn

4. Trng thi thy tinh ha:

4.1 c tnh Polymer thy tinh ha: trng thi mm cao ca polymer, cc mc xch c linh ng ln nn d thay i hnh thi sp xp ca dy. Nu lm lnh nhanh polymer => thi gian hi phc ca cc mc xch tng => s thay i hnh thi sp xp ca mch & qu trnh kt tinh ca polymer gp kh khn. trong mt phm vi nhit no polymer b cng li m khng hnh thnh mng li tinh th => polymer ho thu tinh.

4. Trng thi thy tinh ha:

4.1 c tnh Polymer thy tinh ha: trng thi thy tinh Polymer c mt s c tnh sau: + ng nht + ng entropy cu dng + ng th tch t do

4. Trng thi thy tinh ha:

4.2 C ch thy tinh ha: Qu trnh thu tinh ho khng phi l qu trnh chuyn pha Kh nng thu tinh ho ph thuc rt nhiu vo lc tc dng tng h gia cc mch (khng hoc t b nh hng bi nhit ) & nng lng chuyn ng ca mc xch( nhit gim=> gim). T thp => nng lng chuyn ng khng thng c lc tc ng tng h gia cc mch => nht thng tng v chuyn ng nhit gim (mch tng cng).

4. Trng thi thy tinh ha:

4.2 C ch thy tinh ha: Lc tc ng tng h ca nhng mch gn > mch xa. Khi lc tc dng tng h >> mng li cc b, d hnh thnh nhng cng d mt i. Do hnh thnh mt lin kt vt l => linh ng ca mc xch gim, nn khi c mt s lng nh, polymer vn tr nn cng. Nh vy khi ta lm lnh th d n nh cu trc vt liu.

4. Trng thi thy tinh ha:

4.3 Cc phng php xc nh nhit thy tinh ha: o th tch ring o nhit dung o mun n hi o bin dng

5. Trng thi mm cao (n hi):

5.1 Khi nim: L mt trng thi vt l c bit ch c polymer v c c trng bi kh nng thay i v hi phc hnh dng ln di tc dng ca mt lc nh. Bin dng thun nghch nh vy gi l bin dng mm cao. Do qu trnh hi phc ca polymer trong trng thi ny chm nn trng thi mm cao l trng thi khng cn bng.

5. Trng thi mm cao (n hi):

5.2 iu kin xut hin bin dng mm cao: Mch polymer phi c mm do nht nh,vn tc bin dng ln c gi tr thch ng. Qu trnh phc hi ca polymer xy ra rt chm nn trong thc t ngi ta coi trng thi mm cao l mt trng thi khng cn bng v ph thuc vo nhit nhit cao kh nng phc hi ca n cng nhanh,thi gian phc hi b do chuyn ng nhit ca cc mch ln.

5. Trng thi mm cao (n hi):

5.2 iu kin xut hin bin dng mm cao: nhit cao hn th thi gian t cn bng mm cao nh,tc t bin dng mm cao ln v ngc li. Trng thi mm cao hay bin dng mm cao ch xut hin trong mt khong nhit nht nh ngi ta gi l khong nhit mm cao.

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.1 Khi nim: Chy l qu trnh chuyn dch khng thun nghch ca cc phn t ca 1 cht tng ng vi nhau di tc dng ca ngoi lc.Trong cht hnh thnh lc ma st ni chng li s chuyn dch . S chy ch xy ra khi ngoi lc tc dng n phi thng c lc tng h gia cc phn t v ni lc chng li s chuyn di ca cc phn t. Bn cht ca lc ni ma st khc nhau trong cc pha khc nhau v trong cc trng thi vt l khc nhau

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.2 c im chy ca Polymer: Polymer di tc dng ca ngoi lc nu xut hin bin dng bt thun nghch khng i theo thi gian th s chy xy ra v gi l s chy thc. chy cng ln => M cng thp, nhit cng cao, lc tc dng cng ln v lng cht ho do a vo cng nhiu.

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.2 c im chy ca Polymer: Khi Polymer chy c 2 khi nim v i lng bin dng: + Bin dng bt thun nghch: l bin dng do s chy thc. + Bin dng biu kin cn li: bin dng bt thun nghch v bin dng mm cao xy ra trong 2 qu trnh chy.

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.2 c im chy ca Polymer: Trong qu trnh chy s mch phn t b nh hng cng ngy cng tng => bin dng mm cao cng tng v s nh hng ny lm cho nht ca h pht trin => tnh lu ng ca h gim Do c trng hi phc ca bin dng mm cao nn khi gia cng phi ch hn ch s pht trin ca bin dng mm cao v tng tc hi phc ca qu trnh.

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.3 Nhng quy lut c bn v s chy ca Polymer: i vi nhng cht lng thp phn t, nhit hot ha chy nht (Hb) lin quan ti nhit ho hi theo biu thc: Hhh = 4 Hb i Polymer cng c th p dng quan h ny nhng vi gi thuyt s chuyn ng ca i phn t l do s chuyn dch cc phn ring bit c lp vi nhau (i lng on)

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.3 Nhng quy lut c bn v s chy ca Polymer: S ph thuc ca Hhh v Hb vo mc trng hp nh sau:
Nhit lng

1/4 Hhh

Hb ns
trng hp

6. Trng thi chy nht:

6.3 Nhng quy lut c bn v s chy ca Polymer: S ph thuc ca Hhh v Hb vo mc trng hp nh sau: Quan h trn ch ng vi nhng Polymer ng ng u tin v sau Hb tng chm hn Hhh v cui cng t n gi tr khng i => s chuyn dch ca ton b mch l do s chuyn dch nhiu ln ca cc phn ring bit (i lng on).