Chng II: Bo him hng hi

I. Khi qut chung v bo him hng hi

1.Khi nim
- Bo him hng hi l nhng nghip v bo him c lin quan n hot ng ca con tu, con ngi hoc ca hng ho c vn chuyn trn bin hay nhng nghip v bo him nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn sng c lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin

2. Cc loi hnh bo him hng hi

- Bo him hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin: i tng bo him l hng ho XNK c vn chuyn trn bin v cc chi ph c lin quan - Bo him thn tu: i tng bo him l v tu, my mc thit b trn tu v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph dc hnh trnh, chi ph ng trc lng cho s quan thu th, mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp hai tu m va nhau) - Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu: bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t trch nhim ca ch tu trong qu trnh s hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tu bin i vi ngi khc

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

1. Ri ro- Risk 1.1. nh ngha - Ri ro l nhng e do nguy him khng lng trc c, l nguyn nhn gy nn tn tht cho i tng bo him - Ri ro hng hi l nhng ri ro xy ra trn bin, ca bin, lin quan n mt hnh trnh hng hi

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

1.2. Phn loi ri ro 1.2.1. Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro - Thin tai (Act of God): l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng chi phi c - Tai nn bt ng trn bin(peril of the sea/ accident of the sea): l nhng tai nn xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin - Ri ro do cc hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo him gy nn - Ri ro do cc hnh ng ring l ca con ngi - Ri ro do cc nguyn nhn khc, thng l cc ri ro ph (hng ho b rch, v, cong, vnh, mt mi, ly hi)

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

1.2.2. Cn c vo nghip v bo him a) Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cch bnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc * Ri ro chnh: l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong mi iu kin bo him: - Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tu chm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh ca tu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gm c ri ro mc kt - Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuyn b chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

- Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tu c to nhit lng cao: +) Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhng nguyn nhn khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi c bo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh +) Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo him chng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hoc do bn cht t nhin ca hng ho Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng - Ri ro m va (Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc va vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc )

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

-

Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phn hng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu. Ri ro mt tch (missing): l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quy nh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mt tin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.
+) Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh di +) Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh nhng khng nh hn 2 thng v khng ln hn 6 thng +) Vit nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

* Cc ri ro ph: l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iu kin bo him rng nht: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn, ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mc cu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Hp hi l s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn ch hng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gi km Ly hi l hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phng tin chuyn ch ly sang Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht R l hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc bin hoc t ri ro bo him khc em li Mc cu l s thiu ht hng ho do qu trnh mc cu trong khi xp d hng ho ti cng gy nn lm mt nguyn ai nguyn kin hay rch v bao b.

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

b) Cc ri ro phi bo him ring (ri ro loi tr tng i): l nhng ri ro loi tr i vi cc iu kin bo him tiu chun, nu mun c bo him th phi mua ring: - Ri ro chin tranh (War Risk- WA) - Ri ro nh cng (SRCC- strike, riots & civil commodition)

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

c) Ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i): l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vi bo him hng hi trong mi trng hp: - Bun lu (Contraband) - Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault) - Tu khng kh nng i bin (Unseaworthiness) - Tu i chch hng (Deviation) - Ni t (Inherent Vice) - n t (Latent Defect) - Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

2. Tn tht (Loss/ Damage/ Average) 2.1. Khi nim - Tn tht l nhng h hi, mt mt ca i tng bo him do nhng ri ro c bo him gy nn 2.2. Phn loi tn tht 2.2.1. Cn c vo mc v quy m tn tht - Tn tht b phn (partial loss): l nhng mt mt, h hi mt phn i tng bo him thuc mt hp ng bo him - Tn tht ton b (total loss): l s mt mt h hi 100% gi tr s dng ca i tng bo him

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

- Tn tht ton b: +) Tn tht ton b thc t (Actual Total Loss): l tn tht do i tng bo him b ph hu hon ton, b h hng nghim trng hoc ngi c bo him b tc hn quyn s hu i vi i tng bo him +) Tn tht ton b c tnh (Constructive Total Loss): l nhng tn tht xt thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hoc nhng chi ph phi b ra sa cha khi phc a i tng bo him v ch bng hoc vt qu tr gi ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn li ca mnh i vi hng ho cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh c bi thng ton b Khi t b i tng bo him phi tun theo nguyn tc:

Lm tuyn b t b gi cho cng ty bo him (Notice of Abandonment) Khi t b c chp nhn th khng thay i c na Ch c t b khi i tng bo him cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t.

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

2.2.2. Cn c vo trch nhim v quyn li i vi tn tht (tnh cht ca tn tht) - Tn tht ring (Particular average):l tn tht ca ring tng quyn li bo him do thin tai, tai nn bt ng gy nn +) Bo him bi thng tn tht ring thuc ri ro bo him v chi ph hp l pht sinh ca v tn tht ring (chi ph tn tht ring) +) Hng ho: chi ph tn tht ring l nhng chi ph nhm bo tn hng ho khi b h hi thm hay gim bt h hi khi xy ra tn tht thuc ri ro bo him trn hnh trnh +) Bo him thn tu: chi ph tn tht ring gm chi ph sa cha tu v chi ph cha sa cha tu

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Chi ph sa cha:

Chi ph sa cha tm thi Chi ph sa cha chnh thc: chi ph sa cha, thay th cc b phn tn tht xy ra nhm khi phc li gi tr ban u ca con tu trc khi c tai nn tn tht

Chi ph cha sa cha: l s tin hp l i vi vic gim gi tr thn tu, my mc trang thit b do vic h hng cha sa cha gy ra

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Tn tht chung (General Average): a) Khi nim v c trng Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu, hng ho v cc ph khi b tai ho trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin. Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung: c v ch c hnh ng tn tht chung khi v ch khi c mt s hy sinh hoc chi ph bt thng (extraordinary) c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm bo tn ti sn khi b tai ho trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin Nguyn tc 1: tn tht chung v s an ton chung Nguyn tc 2: nhng chi ph pht sinh tuy khng phi cn thit trnh him ho cho tu v hng nhng l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung v v li ch chung cng c cng nhn l tn tht chung.

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

b) c trng:

Hnh ng tn tht chung phi l hnh ng c ca nhng ngi trn tu v do mnh lnh cu thuyn trng hy sinh ti sn ca ch tu v ch hng Phi l hnh ng hp l Thit hi trong tn tht chung phi l thit hi c bit Nguy c e do hnh trnh phi nghim trng v thc t Tn tht chung phi v an ton chung Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng tn tht chung Xy ra trn bin

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

c) Ni dung ca tn tht chung

Hy sinh tn tht chung (General Average Sacrifices): l s hy sinh ti sn cu cc ti sn cn li Chi ph tn tht chung (General Average Costs): l chi ph hu qu hnh ng tn tht chung hoc chi ph lin quan n hnh ng tn tht chung:
Chi ph cu nn Chi ph tm thi sa cha tu Chi ph ti cng lnh nn Chi ph tng thm v lng ca s quan thu th v nhin liu Tin li ca s tin c cng nhn l tn tht chung, vi li sut l 7%/nm c tnh n ht 3 thng sau ngy pht hnh bn phn b tn tht chung (g/a adjustment)

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

d) Th tc, giy t lin quan n tn tht chung: * Khi xy ra tn tht chung, ch tu hoc thuyn trng phi tin hnh mt s cng vic sau y:

Tuyn b tn tht chung (Notice of GA) Mi gim nh vin n gim nh tn tht ca tu v hng Gi cho cc ch hng bn cam oan ng gp tn tht chung (average bond), giy cam oan ng gp tn tht chung (average guarantee) ch hng v ngi bo him in vo v xut trnh khi
nhn hng

Ch nh mt nhn vin tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung Lp khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest) nu cn

* Ch hng phi lm nhng vic sau: - K khai gi tr hng ho - Nhn average bond v average guarantee

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

e) Lut l gii quyt tn tht chung

Quy tc v tn tht chung ln u tin c thng qua ti York (Anh) nm 1864- Quy tc York Quy tc York c sa i b sung ti Antwerp (B) nm 1924- Quy tc York- Antwerp Quy tc York- Antwerp c sa i, b sung vo cc nm 1950, 1974, 1990,1994 v 2004 C 2 loi iu khon:

Th t ch ci (t A n G): quy nh nhng vn chung nht v tn tht chung (nh ngha tn tht chung v hnh ng tn tht chung; cc nguyn tc tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung) Th t bng s la m (t I n XXIII): quy nh cc trng hp hy sinh v chi ph tn tht chung c th

iu khon gii thch: quy nh tn tht chung c gii quyt theo cc iu khon bng ch tr trng hp do iu khon ti cao v iu khon bng ch quy nh khc iu khon ti cao: trong mi trng hp ch c tha nhn l tn tht chung khi cc chi ph v hy sinh c chi ra mt cch hp l

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Nhng thay i ch yu ca Quy tc York- Antwerp nm 2004: do p lc ch yu t pha Lin on bo him hng hi quc t (International Union of Marine Insurers- IUMU): - Quy tc VI: chi ph cu h b loi tr khi tn tht chung - Loi b nguyn tc 2: ch c cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo tn tht chung, cn cc chi ph v li ch chung s b loi b => Quy tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thu th trong thi gian tu lu li cng lnh nn s khng c a vo tn tht chung, tuy nhin chi ph nhin liu v ph tng thay th vn c a vo tn tht chung - Khon li 2% trong quy tc XX b bi b - Li sut trong quy tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7% m s c U b an hng hi quc t (CMI) n nh hng nm. - Thi hiu t tng: 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c cng b, hoc 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra tn tht chung. Tuy nhin cc bn vn c th tho thun ko di thi hn trn.

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

f) Cch tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung - Khi c tn tht chung, ch tu ch nh mt cng ty hay mt l ton s (GA adjuster) tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung - Cc quyn li cn phn b tn tht chung: tu, hng, cc ph - Cc ph phi ng gp vo tn tht chung l cc ph m ch tu cha thu (vic thu c hay khng cn tu thuc vo s an ton ca tu- cc ph chu ri ro- freight at risk)

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Quy trnh phn b tn tht chung:

Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr tn tht chung: Tng gi tr tn tht chung l tng nhng hy sinh v chi ph c cng nhn l tn tht chung. Nu hng ho b hy sinh v tn tht chung th gi tr c tnh l gi tr hng ho lc d hng, cn c vo ho n thng mi hoc cn c vo gi hng lc xp hng xung tu. Gi tr ny bao gm c ph bo him v cc ph, tr trng hp cc ph khng thuc trch nhim thanh ton ca ch hng Bc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b:

l gi tr ti sn c mt trn tu ca tt c cc quyn li vo thi im c hnh ng tn tht chung, tc l tng cc gi tr c hnh ng tn tht chung cu thoat, bao gm c nhng gi tr hy sinh v an ton chung. Nhng ti sn mt mt h hi thuc tn tht ring xy ra trc tn tht chung khng phi tnh vo gi tr phn b, nhng nu tn tht ring xy ra sau tn tht chung th vn tnh

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Gi

tr chu phn b tn tht chung = gi tr con tu, hng ho khi cha c tn tht (k c chi ph tn tht chung) gi tr tn tht ring xy ra trc khi c tn tht chung Ti thi im kt thc hnh trnh, gi tr chu phn b = gi tr ca tu v hng khi v n bn + gi tr ti sn hy sinh + chi ph tn tht chung + gi tr tn tht ring xy ra sau khi tn tht chung

II. Ri ro, tn tht trong bo him hng hi

Bc 3: Xc nh t l ng gp (t l phn b tn tht chung) = (Tng gi tr tn tht chung/ Tng gi tr chu phn b)x100% Bc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp ca tng quyn li
S tin ng gp ca tng quyn li bng t l ng gp nhn vi gi tr ng gp ca tng quyn li: C = (L/CV)v Trong : +) C l s tin phi ng gp vo tn tht chung ca mi quyn li +) L l tng gi tr tn tht chung +) CV l tng gi tr chu phn b +) v l gi tr chu phn b ca tng quyn li

Bc 5: Tnh ton kt qu ti chnh l s tin thc s thu v hoc b thm ra ca tng ch hng hay ch tu sau khi tr i phn gi tr ti sn hoc chi ph h t b ra trong hnh ng tn tht chung (= s tin ng gp tn tht chung gi tr ti sn hoc chi ph t b ra trong tn tht chung)

Bi tp phn b tn tht chung 1

V d: Mt tu tr gi $100,000 ch hng tr gi $100,000, cc ph vn chuyn tr gi $5,500 ch tu thu. Trong hnh trnh vn chuyn tu b mc cn phi sa cha mt $5000, hng b hng tr gi S6500. thot cn tu phi nm hng xung bin tr gi $15,000, tu hot ng qu cng sut lm ni hi b hng phi sa cha mt $4,500. V n cng tu tuyn b tn tht chung. Hy phn b tn tht chung.

Bi tp phn b tn tht chung 2

Trong mt hnh trnh c 4 ch hng gi hng trn tu vi tng tr gi hng ho l 800,000 USD, trong : Ch hng A: 200,000 USD Ch hng B: 300,000 USD Ch hng C: 100,000 USD Ch hng D: 200,000 USD Tr gi con tu ca ch tu l 2,000,000 USD, cc ph cha thu tr gi 50,000 USD. Trong hnh trnh vn chuyn, mt hng vi ca ch hng A b chy, thit hi v hng ho c tnh l 150,000 USD. Ngn la chy lan sang phng my lm tu b thit hi 200,000USD. cu nguy chung cho c tu v hng, thuyn trng ra lnh dng nc dp tt ngn la, hu qu l lm cho mt s hng ho ca ch hng khc b h hng, thit hi c tnh l 80,000 USD. Tuy nhin sau khi dp tt ngn la, tu khng th chy c na. cu gip tu khi b chm, ch tu quyt nh thu mt tu khc lai dt tu v cng, chi ph cu h l 20,000 USD. V n cng ch tu tuyn b tn tht chung. Hy phn b tn tht chung .

Bi tp phn b tn tht chung 3

Mt con tu tr gi 200000$ ch hng A tr gi 95000$, hng B tr gi 70000$, cc ph tr gi 5 000$ ch tu cha thu. Trong hnh trnh vn chuyn tu gp bo to lm mt phn hng A b ri xung bin tr gi 6500$, gip tu nh hn thot khi cn bo, ch tu ra lnh hy sinh mt phn hng ha ca ch hng B xung bin tr gi 12300$. V n cng d, tu b chy thit hi 25000$, hng B b chy thit hi 3200$. dp chy, ch tu thu cu ha vi chi ph phi tr l 1000$, hng A b t do phun nc dp chy tr gi 2350$. Ch tu tuyn b tn tht chung v yu cu ch hng A, B phi ky qu nhn hng. Hy phn b tn tht chung ny.

Tn tht ring v tn tht chung

Tn tht ring Nguyn nhn gy Thin tai, tai nn tn tht bt ng Tn tht chung Hnh ng c

ng gp vo tn Khng ng gp, Cc quyn li tht tn tht ca ai c cu phi ngi t chu ng gp Trch nhim ca Tu thuc vo iu Bi thng ngay bo him kin bo him lp tc khng xt n iu kin bo him

III. Bo him hng ho xut nhp khu chuyn ch bng ng bin

1.

S cn thit phi bo him hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin - Hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin thng gp nhiu ri ro. - Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch rt hn ch v vic khiu ni i bi thng rt kh khn - Mua bo him bo v c li ch ca doanh nghip khi c tn tht v to ra tm l an tm trong kinh doanh - Mua bo him cho hng ho XNK l mt tp qun thng mi quc t

2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi hng ho theo cc iu kin bo him hin hnh
2.1. Gii thiu cc iu kin bo him 2.1.1. Khi nim: iu kin bo him l s quy nh trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi i tng bo him (hng ho) v cc mt: ri ro tn tht, thi gian, khng gian- hay chnh l s khoanh vng cc ri ro bo him 2.1.2. Cc iu kin bo him ca Anh - Do U ban k thut v iu khon (Technical and clauses committee) thuc Hc hi nhng ngi bo him London (Institute of London Underwriters- ILU) son tho. Cc iu kin bo him ny c gi tt l cc ICC (Institute Cargo Clauses):

2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi hng ho theo cc iu kin bo him hin hnh
-

ICC 1963: - FPA (Free from Particular Average): iu kin min tn tht ring - WA (With Particular Average): iu kin bo him tn tht ring - AR (All Risk): iu kin bo him mi ri ro - WR (War Risk): iu kin bo him cc ri ro chin tranh - SRCC: iu kin bo him ri ro nh cng

3 iu kin bo him u l 3 iu kin bo him gc, iu kin 4 & 5 l iu kin bo him cc ri ro c bit

2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi hng ho theo cc iu kin bo him hin hnh
ICC

1982:

C: phm vi bo him tng ng vi FPA B: phm vi bo him tng ng vi WA A: phm vi bo him tng ng vi AR WR SRCC

2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him i vi hng ho theo cc iu kin bo him hin hnh

2.1.3. Cc iu kin bo him ca Vit nam - S dng cc quy tc chung (QTC) do B Ti chnh ban hnh, ni dung ch yu ca cc QTC cng da trn ni dung ca cc ICC: +) QTC 1965: FPA, WA, AR tng t nh ICC 1963, cha cp n WR v SRCC +) QTC 1990: C, B, A tng t nh ICC 1982

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

2.2.1. V cc ri ro tn tht a) Theo ICC 1963 v QTC 1965: - iu kin FPA: l iu kin bo him tn tht chung, ch bo him tn tht ring cho 4 ri ro chnh gy ra (chm m, mc cn, chy n, m va) v mt nguyn kin hng trong khi xp d chuyn ti. C th bo him bi thng 6 trng hp:
-

Tn tht ton b v thin tai Tn tht ton b v tai nn bt ng trn bin Tn tht b phn v tai nn bt ng trn bin Tn tht b phn v thin tai nhng gii hn trong 4 ri ro chnh Cc chi ph hp l:

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

-

Cc chi ph hp l:
-

Chi ph cu nn Chi ph phng, hn ch tn tht Chi ph gim nh, xc nh tn tht Chi ph khiu ni, t tng Bt k mt chi ph no m ch hng b ra nhm bo v li ch ca cng ty bo him

Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

iu kin WA: bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp:

FPA Tn tht b phn v thin tai khng gii hn trong 4 ri ro chnh

Ngi mua bo him theo WA cn c th tham gia bo him cc loi ri ro ph (WA + ri ro ph: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, nc ma, nc bin,mc cu) Ngi bo him ra mc min thng v gii quyt theo nguyn tc:
-

Khng cp mc min thng tn tht do 4 ri ro chnh, ri ro chin tranh, nh cng v cc ri ro ph do con ngi gy ra Khng cng cc chi ph t mc min thng, ch tnh tn tht thc t c tnh cc tn tht lin tip xy ra t mc min thng Mi x lan c coi l mt con tu tnh mc min thng Ngi c bo him c quyn la chn cch tnh min thng c li nht cho mnh c bi thng nhiu hn

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

iu

kin AR: bo him bi thng trong 8 trng hp:

WA Cc ri ro ph (thiu ht, chy, va chm, hng, v, mc cu, ly hi, ly bn, hp hi, nc ma, nc bin, rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, thi nt, my lnh hng, mt trm, mt cp, giao thiu hng, khng giao hng v him ho khc khi c tho thun thm) FPA v AR khng ra mc min thng

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

Nhc

im ca ICC 1963:

Gi tn cc iu kin bo him theo ni dung lm ngi ta d nhm ln Phn bit tn tht ton b v tn tht b phn Vn ri ro cp bin Vn mu n bo him

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

b) Theo ICC 1982 v QTC 1990 - iu kin C: bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp: +) Mc cn, m, chy, m va +) D hng ti mt cng gp nn +) Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh +) Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng) +) Nm hng ra khi tu +) Mt tch +) Phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

iu kin B: bo him bi thng trong 11 trng hp: -C - ng t, ni la phun, st nh - Nc cun khi tu - Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng - Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri trong khi ang xp d hng ho

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

iu

kin A: bo him bi thng trong 12 trng hp:

B Tn tht do cc ri ro ph gy nn: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, hnh vi c hoc ph hoi (khng phi ca ngi c bo him), va p vo hng ho khc, trm, cp, cp, nc ma, giao thiu hng ho hoc khng giao, mc cu hoc cc ri ro tng t

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

A, B, C l cc iu kin bo him chnh Cc iu kin bo him ph: chin tranh, nh cng (ch tn ti trong ICC 1982, QTC 1990 khng quy nh) Cc ri ro loi tr:

Bun lu Li ca ngi c bo him Tu i chch hng Tu khng kh nng i bin n t Ni t Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu

2.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo cc iu kin bo him

2.2.2. V mt khng gian v thi gian Quy nh trong iu khon hnh trnh: ngi bo him chu trch nhim i vi hng ho t kho n kho- Transit Clause: from warehouse to warehouse Qung ng t cng n n kho n: bo him chu trch nhim trong vng 60 ngy Bo him s ht hiu lc tu thuc vo mt trong 2 iu kin:
-

Hng c cho vo kho an ton (khng cn ch n ht 60 ngy na) Sau 60 ngy k t khi d hng xong

Kho i: l kho hng ho c ng gi mt cch hon chnh ch xp ln phng tin vn chuyn ng b, ng sng mang ra cng bin hoc l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng bo him Kho n: l kho cui cng thuc quyn s hu hoc qun l ca ngi c bo him hoc l kho nm ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn bnh thng ca tu hoc l kho m hng ho c gi nhm n hoc l kho m ngi c bo him dng lm ni lu kho, lu bi hay phn phi hng ho hay l kho c ghi tn trn hp ng bo him

3. Hp ng bo him
3.1. Khi nim 3.1.1. nh ngha - Hp ng bo him l mt vn bn trong ngi bo him cam kt s bi thng cho ngi c bo him khi i tng bo him b tn tht do nhng ri ro tho thun gy nn, cn ngi c bo him cam kt np ph bo him 3.1.2. Tnh cht - L mt vn bn bi thng (contract of indemnity) - L mt hp ng tn nhim (contract of goodfaith) - L mt vn bn c th chuyn nhng c (Negotiable contract)

3. Hp ng bo him
3.1.3. Phn loi - Hp ng bo him chuyn (Voyage Policy): l hp ng bo him cho mt chuyn hng hoc mt l hng c vn chuyn t mt cng ny n mt cng khc
-

Hiu lc: lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho Ch c gi tr i vi tng chuyn hng c th hin bng n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him

3. Hp ng bo him

n bo him: ni dung gm 2 mt:

Mt 1: ghi cc chi tit v hng ho, tu, hnh trnh, ngi bo him v ngi c bo him:

Tn, a ch ca ngi bo him v ngi c bo him Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, s vn n Tn tu, ngy khi hnh Cng i, cng n, cng chuyn ti Gi tr bo him, s tin bo him iu kin bo him T l ph bo him, ph bo him Ni v c quan gim nh tn tht Ni v cch thc bi thng Ngy, thng, ch k ca cng ty bo him

Mt 2: in sn Quy tc, th l ca cng ty bo him

Giy chng nhn bo him: l mt n bo him vn tt, ch c ni dung nh mt 1 ca n bo him

3. Hp ng bo him

Hp ng bo him bao (Floating Policy): l hp ng dng bo him cho nhiu chuyn, nhiu l hng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh

C gi tr t ng linh hot, gip gim c thi gian v chi ph m phn v trnh c vic qun khng k hp ng bo him

Hp ng bo him nh gi (Valued Policy): l loi hp ng khi k ngi ta ghi r tr gi hoc s tin bo him ca hp ng bo him Hp ng bo him khng nh gi (Unvalued Policy): l loi hp ng khi k kt ngi ta khng ghi r s tin bo him hay gi tr bo him m ch nu ra nguyn tc tnh s tin hay gi tr bo him: cn c vo gi tr hng ho bn n vo ngy tu n hoc ngy tu ng k phi n hoc tr gi hng ho lc xy ra tn tht, lc bi thng hoc lc chp nhn bi thng Vit Nam: khng s dng hp ng bo him khng nh gi

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

3.2.1. Gi tr bo him (V) - Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca i tng bo him lc bt u bo him cng thm ph bo him v cc chi ph c lin quan khc V = C + I + F (+ a) = CIF (+ a) (1) I = CIF x R (2) Trong : +) C: gi FOB ca hng ho (ti cng gi hng, cn c vo ho n thng mi) +) I: ph bo him +) F: cc ph vn ti +) a: phn trm li d tnh +) R: t l ph bo him

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

(1)

& (2) => CIF = C + F + CIF x R CIF (1 - R) = C + F =>V = CIF = (C + F)/ (1 - R) (3) - Nu mua bo him cho c phn li d tnh: V li = (C + F)(1 + a)/ (1 - R) (4) +) Thng thng a = 10% (trong cng thc 4)
+) Trong cng thc (3) a = 0

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

3.2.2. S tin bo him (A) - L ton b hay mt phn gi tr bo him, do ngi c bo him yu cu v c bo him - V mt nguyn tc A V
-

A = V = (C + F)(1 + a) / (1 - R) A < V : s tin bi thng bng gi tr tn tht nhn vi t l A/V

Trong hot ng kinh doanh XNK, nu s tin bo him ch bng tr gi ho n hay gi FOB hoc gi CFR ca hng ho th ngi c bo him cha bo him y gi tr hay bo him di gi tr (under insurance)

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

3.2.3. Ph bo him (I) L mt khon tin nh m ngi c bo him phi tr cho ngi bo him c bi thng khi c tn tht do cc ri ro tho thun gy nn Thng c tnh ton da trn c s tnh ton xc sut xy ra ca nhng ri ro gy ra tn tht hoc trn c s thng k tn tht Ph bo him i vi hng ho XNK c tnh ton trn c s t l ph bo him v ph thuc vo s tin bo him hay gi tr bo him.
-

Nu A = V => I = Rx V hay I = (C + F)(1 + a)R/ (1 - R) Nu A < V => I = R x A i vi hng nhp khu v hng ho c mua bo him ti VN th a 10% i vi hng XK (bn CIF) th a bng bao nhiu l do tho thun gia ngi mua v ngi bn trong hp ng mua bn hng ho

Theo QTC 1990:

-

Bn CIF/ CIP Incoterms 2000 m trong hp ng mua bn khng c quy nh g v a th thng mua bo him vi iu kin bo him ti thiu C, nu tnh c li d tnh th mua 110% tr gi CIF/CIP, ng tin bo him do L/C quy nh Incoterms 2000 quy nh: ngy ghi trn hp ng bo him phi l ngy hoc trc ngy ghi trn B/L hay ngy hng ho c xp ln tu

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

3.2.4. T l ph bo him (R) - c tnh trn c s thng k ri ro tn tht - Ti Vit nam: ban hnh 5 nm mt ln da trn khung ph bo him do B Ti chnh ban hnh - Ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t:
-

Loi hng ho, bao b Cch xp hng (trn boong hay trong hm tu) Loi tu (cm c thng hay c phng tin, tui tu) Qung ng vn chuyn iu kin bo him Quan h vi cng ty bo him Chnh sch ca mt quc gia

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

3.2.5. Gim nh tn tht, khiu ni i bi thng a) Gim nh tn tht L vic lm ca cc chuyn gia gim nh ca ngi bo him hoc ca cng ty gim nh c ngi bo him u quyn, nhm xc nh tnh cht, nguyn nhn, mc v trch nhim i vi tn tht xy ra lm c s cho vic bi thng C quan gim nh phi l c quan c quy nh trong hp ng bo him c tin hnh khi hng ho b h hng, v, thiu ht, gim phm cht cng n (khng mun hn 60 ngy k t ngy d hng khi tu) hoc cng dc ng v do ngi c bo him yu cu. Khi c yu cu gim nh, nu tn tht r rt phi tin hnh gim nh ngay trc hoc trong lc d hng; nu tn tht khng r rt phi tin hnh gim nh trong thi gian cho php lp L/R Nhng trng hp tn tht do tu b m, hng mt, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng khng cn phi gim nh Sau khi gim nh, ngi gim nh s cp chng th gim nh di dng: Bin bn gim nh hoc Giy chng nhn gim nh

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

b) Khiu ni - H s khiu ni:
-

Phi chng minh c:

-

Ngi khiu ni c li ch bo him Hng ho c bo him Tn tht thuc mt ri ro c bo him Gi tr bo him, s tin bo him Mc tn tht S tin i bi thng m bo c nguyn tc th quyn

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

Gm cc giy t sau:

n khiu ni c ghi r s tin bi thng ca cc bn n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him hoc hp ng bo him gc B/L bn gc v C/P nu c Ho n thng mi, bn chnh Ho n v cc chi ph khc, nu c Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report) Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC) Bin bn hng v h hng (COR) Giy chng nhn hng thiu (CSC) Th d khng (Letter of Reservation) Khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest) Nht k hng hi (Log Book) Bng tnh tin bi thng ca cc bn

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

Thi

hn khiu ni:

Thi hn khiu ni ngi bo him l 2 nm theo ICC 1982 v QTC 1990 k t ngy c tn tht hoc pht hin tn tht B h s khiu ni phi gi n cng ty bo him trong vng 9 thng k t ngy c tn tht hoc pht hin tn tht

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

c) Bi thng tn tht - Nguyn tc tnh ton tin bi thng tn tht ti cc cng ty bo him Vit nam: +) Bi thng bng tin ch khng bng hin vt; nu khng c tho thun no khc th np ph bo him bng ng tin no c bi thng bng ng tin +) V nguyn tc, trch nhim ca ngi bo him ch gii hn trong phm vi s tin bo him nhng khi cng thm cc chi ph hp l khc (chi ph cu h, chi ph gim nh, chi ph nh gi v bn li hng ho tn tht, chi ph i ngi th 3 bi thng, tin ng gp tn tht chung) lm s tin bi thng vt qu s tin bo him th cng ty bo him vn phi bi thng +) Khi thanh ton tin bi thng, ngi bo him c th khu tr nhng khon thu nhp ca ngi c bo him trong vic bn hng v i bi thng t ngi th ba

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

Cch

tnh ton, bi thng tn tht

Tn tht ton b thc t: ngi bo him bi thng ton b s tin bo him hoc gi tr bo him Tn tht ton b c tnh:
Nu

ngi c bo him c thng bo t b hng v c ngi bo him chp nhn th ngi bo him phi bi thng ton b Nu ngi c bo him khng t b hng hoc t b hng khng c ngi bo him chp nhn th ch c bi thng nh tn tht b phn

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

Tn tht b phn: v nguyn tc, m bo vic bi thng chnh xc, phi bi thng da trn cng thc:
P = ((V1 V2)/V1) x A (hoc A/V nu A<V)

Vic tnh ton bi thng tn tht b phn ti Vit nam thng xy ra cc trng hp:

Bi thng tn tht do v, h hng, thiu ht, gim phm chtc bin bn gim nh chng minh:

Nu bin bn gim nh c ghi mc gim gi tr thng mi: P = m. A Nu bin bn gim nh khng ghi mc gim gi tr thng mi m ch ghi s lng, trng lng hng ho b thiu ht: P = (T2/T1).A (T2: l trng lng/s lng hng ho b thiu ht, T1: trng lng/ s lng hng ho theo hp ng)

Bi thng mt nguyn kin: nu cc kin c n gi th s tin bi thng bng s kin b mt nhn vi n gi; nu khng th bi thng nh trng hp tn tht v s lng, trng lng

3.2. Ni dung ca hp ng bo him

Bi thng cc chi ph:

Chi ph t tng v phng hn ch tn tht hoc bo v quyn li ca hng ho bo him hoc nhng chi ph lin quan n vic i ngi th ba bi thng Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him Hy sinh tn tht chung: nu ton b hay mt phn ca l hng b hy sinh cu tu v c cng nhn l tn tht chung th ngi bo him s bi thng gi tr hy sinh ng gp tn tht chung: trn c s bn phn b tn tht chung do chuyn vin tnh ton tn tht chung lp nn, ngi bo him s bi hon phn ng gp ca ch hng vo tn tht chung, cho d hng ho c bo him theo iu kin g.

Bi thng tn tht chung:

Thi hn thanh ton tin bi thng: 30 ngy k t ngy ngi bo him nhn c h s khiu ni hp l

Bi tp iu kin bo him

Tu Cu Long ch hng NK cho VN t HK v cng Hi phng th b ha hon. Mt s b phn ca tu v mt s hng ha trn tu b chy. Thuyn trng ra lnh phun nc bin cha chy lm mt s hng ha b h hi v ngm nc.
Vi: 400 kin, tr gi 600.000$ tham gia BH vi s tin 500 000$ in my: s tin bo him 1.010.000$ C hai l hng tham gia bo him theo iu kin B ti Bo Vit Si gn. Khi d hng ln ti cng cui cng, gim nh vin cho kt qu: - 100 kin vi b chy en - 200 kin vi b ngm nc cha chy gim gi tr 40% - Thit b tu b chy tr gi 1500$ - Gi tr tu khi ri bn: 1.241.500$ - Chi ph gim nh:3000$ Xc nh trch nhim ca bo him hng ha

IV. Bo him thn tu

1. Khi nim 1.1. S cn thit phi bo him thn tu Tu c trng ti v dung tch ln, thi gian hot ng ko di, d b nh hng bi thin tai, tai nn bt ng trn bin Tr gi ca v tu rt ln nn cc ch tu thng ng trc nhng nguy c ln Ngy nay cc con tu c trang b rt hin i => kh khc phc c cc s c trn bin => kh nng ri ro b dng hnh trnh l rt ln => tn tht ln Nguy c thu th on c hnh vi c Hot ng ca con tu trn bin trong qu trnh khai thc rt d gy tn tht cho ngi khc v ch tu phi chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht . 1.2. Khi nim Bo him thn tu l bo him nhng ri ro tn tht xy ra i vi v tu, my mc thit b trn tu, mt phn trch nhim ca ch tu do ri ro m va v nhng chi ph ch tu c th b thit hi trong qu trnh kinh doanh

2. Cc loi hnh bo him thn tu

Bo him thi hn thn tu- Time Hull Insurance: l vic bo him thn tu trong mt thi hn nht nh, thng l 12 thng hoc t hn v phi c ghi r trong hp ng. Thi hn bt u v kt thc cng phi quy nh c th. Bo him chi ph thn tu- Hull Disbursement Insurance: l loi hnh bo him cc chi ph ca mt con tu trong mt hnh trnh: trang thit b, vt phm cung ng, tin lng ng trc cho s quan thu th. Bo him chuyn- Voyage insurance: l bo him con tu trong mt hnh trnh t mt cng ny n mt cng khc (at and from) hoc bo him cho mt chuyn kh hi (round trip)=> s dng bo him cho tu ng mi XK hoc tu i sa cha hoc bn tu

2. Cc loi hnh bo him thn tu

Bo him ri ro ngi ng tu- Builders Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l nhng ngi ng tu, bo him cho con tu t lc bt u ng cho n khi giao xong, khng ch bo him vt cht thn tu m cn bo him cho nhng vn khc nh: bo him gin on sn xut, bo him li d tnh, bo him cho cng nhn ng tu, bo him ting n Bo him ri ro sa cha tu- Repairing Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l ch tu bo him cho nhng ri ro pht sinh trong qa trnh sa cha tu m nhng ri ro ny li khng c bo him trong hp ng bo him thi hn thn tu Bo him ri ro ngi sa cha tu- Repairers Risks Insurance: ngi mua bo him l ngi sa cha tu bo him cho nhng thit b b tn tht Bo him chi ph sa cha tu- Repairing Expenses Insurance: bo him cho cc chi ph pht sinh trong qu trnh sa cha tu

3. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu

3.1. Cc iu kin bo him - Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu c quy nh trong cc iu kin bo him thn tu (Institute Time Clauses- ITC) ca nc Anh. - ITC u tin ra i nm 1888, tri qua 3 ln sa i b sung: ITC 1970, ITC 1983 v ITC 1995 - Vit nam khng c quy nh v cc iu kin bo him thn tu nhng c vn bn tha nhn vic p dng cc quy nh ca Anh

3. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu

ITC 1995 ch a ra cc quy nh chung v bo him thn tu ch khng cp c th n cc iu kin bo him, cc cng ty bo him phi cn c vo ni dung ca ITC a ra mt s iu kin bo him thn tu cc ch tu c th la chn khi i mua bo him:

iu kin 1: TLO- Total Loss Only: iu kin ch bo him tn tht ton b iu kin 2: FOD- Free of Damage Absolutely: iu kin loi tr tuyt i tn tht b phn iu kin 3: FPA- Free from Particular Average: iu kin min tn tht ring iu kin 4: ITC Institute Time Clause: iu kin bo him thi hn thn tu

3. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu

iu

kin 5: IVC- FPA: Institute Voyage Clause- FPA Absolutely: iu kin bo him loi tr tuyt i tn tht ring v chuyn iu kin 6: Port Risks- iu kin bo him ri ro cng iu kin 7: Building and Construction Clause- iu kin bo him xy dng v kin thit tu.

3.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu

3.2.1. V mt ri ro tn tht
Cc trng hp c bo him: 1. Tn tht ton b thc t 2. Tn tht ton b c tnh 3. Chi ph cu nn 4. Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phng hn ch tn tht 5. Chi ph trch nhim m va 6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung 7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn d tho ri, d h hng 8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ho hoc m va vi tu khc 9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc (7) 10. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn khng gii hn mc (8) - iu kin TLO: t 1 n 3 - iu kin FOD: t 1 n 6 - iu kin FPA: t 1 n 8 - iu kin ITC: t 1 n 10

3.2. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him thn tu

3.2.2. V mt khng gian v thi gian
-

Hp ng bo him thi hn: bo him bt u c hiu lc t 24h ca ngy k kt n ht 24h ca ngy c hiu lc. Khi nim gi do hai bn tho thun, c th l gi a phng hoc gi quc t Nu n ht 24h ca ngy ht thi hn m tu cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu neo u an ton ti mt cng no hoc cng n (ch tu phi np thm ph bo him cho thi hn ko di) Hp ng bo him chuyn: bo him c hiu lc t khi tu nh neo v kt thc sau 24h khi tu th neo an ton ch d hng cng n Bo him chuyn cng kt thc hiu lc khi:
-

Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng

4. Hp ng bo him thn tu

Ngi bo him: cc cng ty bo him Ngi c bo him: cc ch tu/ ngi i thu tu khai thc kinh doanh thu cc ph i tng bo him: v tu, my mc trang thit b trn tu v cc chi ph khc (khng bao gm vt dng v ti sn c nhn) Phm vi bo him

Ri ro c bo him thng thng bao gm nhm cc ri ro chnh trong hng hi: chm m, mc cn, chy n, m va, tu mt tch do mi l do, tu h hi do li lm ca thy th on, cp bin Ri ro loi tr: chin tranh, nh cng, do s c hay li lm ca ngi c bo him v ri ro vi phm cc iu kin bo him. Ch tu c th mua thm mt s iu khon b sung: ri ro do tu i chch hng, thay i hnh trnh hoc chm tr hnh trnh.

4. Hp ng bo him thn tu

Cc ch bo him:

Ch bo him theo ri ro u tin, theo s tin bi thng khng c vt qu s tin bo him, c th:

Tn tht b phn: s tin bi thng bng ng gi tr tn tht v khng vt qu s tin bo him Tn tht ton b: s tin bi thng bng ng s tin bo him Trch nhim m va: bo him gii hn trong s tin bo him Min thng chung: p dung cho tt c cc loi tn tht tr tn tht ton b v tn tht b phn do 4 ri ro chnh gy ra. Mc min thng ny tnh ring cho tng loi tn tht, theo ITC 1983 c quy nh bng 15% s tin bo him. Min thng do ri ro ph, n t v bt cn, theo ITC 1983 c quy nh bng 10% gi tr tn tht sau khi tr i min thng chung Min thng do tu vi phm quy nh khng thng bo tn tht, theo ITC 1983 c quy nh bng 15% trn tng s tn tht

Ch bo him theo mc min thng:

4. Hp ng bo him thn tu
Gi

tr bo him V: bng tng gi tr ca con tu khi tham gia bo him:

V tu, my tu, trang thit b ca tu Cc vt phm cung ng cho hnh trnh ca tu Ph tn iu hnh, qun l, li hoc tr gi gia tng ( 25% gi tr tu) Cc thu nhp (25%) Tin lng ng trc cho s quan thu th

4. Hp ng bo him thn tu

Ph bo him:

Ph bi thng cho tn tht ton b Ph bi thng cho tn tht b phn: chi ph sa cha tm thi, chnh thc v cha sa cha Ph ph: chi ph qun l, chi ph phng hn ch tn tht

Quy nh v hon ph bo him trong hp ng bo him bao/ thi hn:

Nu ng hu b hp ng th s hon li 90% s ph bo him trong thi gian tu ngng hot ng Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng trong nc th hon li 75% s ph trong thi gian tu ngng hot ng Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng nc ngoi: hon li 60% Nu tu gp tn tht ton b th khng hon li ph.

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Tai nn m va: tu m va vi tu, gm cc trng hp:

Khng ai c li: x ho, thit hi v ai ngi y t chu Khng chng minh c li thuc v ai: x ho, thit hi ca ai ngi y t chu Mt bn c li: bn c li phi bi thng cho bn kia Hai bn cng c li:

Mi quan h gia tu vi tu: 2 tu bi thng cho nhau da trn c s li ca mnh, li c phn chia trn c s phn s => khng cng bng v gi tr ca mi con tu l khc nhau

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Quan

h gia tu vi hng:

Trng hp 1: khng c iu khon hai tu m va cng c li (Both to blame Collision)

TA

TB TA

TB

HA HB

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Trng

hp 2: c iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li TA TB TA TB

HA

HB

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Bo him ny c m rng bi thng cho Ngi c bo him phn trch nhim theo iu khon m va 2 tu cng li trong hp ng chuyn ch nh mt tn tht thuc phm vi bi thng ca bo him ny. Trng hp ch tu da vo iu khon ni khiu ni th Ngi c bo him ng thng bo cho Ngi bo him, l ngi c quyn bo v Ngi c bo him chng li khiu ni ca ch tu v t chu mi ph tn. This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contract of affreightment Both to Blame Collision Clause as is in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder. In the event of any claim by shipowners under the said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right, at their own cost and expense, to defend the Assured against such claim.

iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li (Both to Blame Collision)

If the (Carrying) ship comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default in the navigation or the management of the carrying ship, the Merchant undertakes to pay the carrier or where the Carrier is not the owner and in possession of the carrying ship to pay to the Carrier as trustee for the owner and/or demise charterer of the carrying ship, a sum sufficient to indemnify the Carrier and/or the owners and/or demise charterer of the carrying ship against all loss or liability to the other or non carrying ship or her owners, insofar as such loss or liability represents loss of or damage to or any claim whatsoever of the Merchant, paid or payable by the other or non carrying ship or her owners to the Merchant and set off recouped or recovered by the other or non carrying ship or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying ship or her owner or demise charterer or the Carrier. The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the owners, operators or those in charge of any ship or ships or objects, other than, or in addition to the colliding ship or objects, are at fault in respect to a collision; contact, stranding or other accident.

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Quan

h gia bo him vi ch hng:

Trng hp 1: Hng cha c bi thng, bo him bi thng cho ch hng 2 khon:

Tn

tht do m va Khon ch hng phi gnh chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Trng hp 2: Hng c bi thng, bo him bi thng cho ch hng 2 khon:

Khon

cha c bi thng ht Phn trch nhim ch hng phi gnh chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li

5. Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca cc bn khi hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Quan h gia bo him vi tu:

i vi tu c bo him: bo him thn tu ch chu trch nhim i vi thit hi vt cht thn tu (khng chu trch nhim v thit hi kinh doanh, thit hi v hng ha v con ngi trn tu) i vi tu b m:

Tn tht, thit hi vt cht ca tu b m Tn tht, thit hi v ti sn, hng ha Thit hi v kinh doanh Tn tht chung, chi ph cu h ca tu b m va do tai nn m va gy ra (nu c)

=> Bo him gii hn bi thng mc trch nhim m va pht sinh v khng vt qu s tin bo him

Cc khon cha c bi thng:

trch nhim m va Bt ng sn, ng sn, ti sn hay vt g khc khng phi thn tu trn tu c bo him Hng ha hay vt phm chuyn ch trn tu c bo him Cht ngi, m au, thng tt Phn trch nhim ln hn s tin bo him

Gii quyt tai nn m va theo trch nhim cho

Bc 1: Xc nh TNDS pht sinh ca cc ch tu Xc nh s tin phi bi thng ca bo him thn tu cho cc ch tu Xc nh s tin bo him thn tu i li t cc ch tu Xc nh s tin bi thng thc t ca bo him thn tu cho cc ch tu Xc nh thit hi cc ch tu t chu

Bi tp

Tu A m va vi tu B, c Thit hi hai tu u mua bo him ngang gi tr. Theo bin bn gim nh mi bn c li mt V tu na. Thit hi ca hai tu nh sau: Hy gii quyt bi thng trch nhim m va theo Kinh trch nhim cho v xc doanh nh trch nhim ca bo him trong tai nn m va ny.

Tu A

Tu B

10 000

20 000

4000

8000

V. Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu (Protection and Indemnity- P&I Insurance)

1.

Khi nim v nguyn nhn ra i

Bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu l bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t trch nhim ca ch tu i vi ngi th ba trong qu trnh s hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tu bin Cc ch tu lin kt vi nhau gi l cc hi ch tu (P&I club/ association) gim ph bo him thn tu Tr gi thn tu ngy cng cao => nguy c i vi cc ch tu ln hn, h khng c kh nng b p khi tn tht ton b xy ra Bo him nhng trng hp m bo him thn tu khng bo him:

1.1. Khi nim

1.2. Nguyn nhn ra i

-

trch nhim m va Bt ng sn, ng sn, ti sn hay vt g khc khng phi thn tu trn tu c bo him Hng ha hay vt phm chuyn ch trn tu c bo him Cht ngi, m au, thng tt Phn trch nhim ln hn s tin bo him

2. T chc v hot ng ca hi P&I

2.1. C cu t chc P&I l mt php nhn, tng t nh mt cng ty TNHH hay l mt t hp c t 100 n 200 hi vin C quan u no ca hi P&I l Hi ng gim c- ni a ra cc quy tc, th l ca hi v chun y kt np thnh vin mi C quan thng trc:
Ban gim c: do Hi ng gim c ch nh, thnh vin ca Ban gim c l cc ch tu ln Ban qun l: do Hi ng gim c thu, gm cc chuyn gia v php l, thng mi => Ban gim c v Ban qun l ch c gii quyt nhng tranh chp khng vt qu 100 000 $, nu ln hn do Hi ng gim c gii quyt Cc chi nhnh: thng c thnh lp mt s khu vc c nhiu ch tu ln gii quyt tranh chp & cc tn tht c lin quan n cc hi vin i din: thng l ngi ca hi c t ti cc nc: i din php l & i din thng mi
-

2. T chc v hot ng ca hi P&I

2.2. Nguyn tc hot ng ca hi 2.2.1. Nguyn tc tng h: Hi hot ng da trn nguyn tc tng h, cn i thu chi v khng tnh li: - Tt c cc khon bi thng chi tiu u do cc hi vin ng gp - Khi mt hi vin b tn tht th hi ng ra bi thng, sau phn b cho cc hi vin trn c s s GRT tham gia ca tng hi vin, loi tu, khu vc hot ng ca tu hi vin v loi ri ro m ch tu ng k tham gia - S tin m hi vin ng gp chnh l chi ph ca hi khng bao gm li - Mi thnh vin va l ngi bo him, va l ngi c bo him - Hi gip cc hi vin v o to cn b, cung cp thng tin

2. T chc v hot ng ca hi P&I

2.2.2. Nguyn tc gia nhp hi
-

Phi vit n khi gia nhp hi Tu tham gia hi P&I l tu c bo him thn tu Khi l hi vin th coi nh k mt hp ng bo him vi hi- c hiu lc theo nm ti chnh ca hi (t 12h ngy 20/2 nm trc n 12h ngy 20/2 nm sau) Hi vin c th tham gia theo quy tc ca hi, cng c th thm bt cho ph hp vi tng hi vin Hi vin b cht, b ph sn, mt quyn s hu cng ty, mt nng lc kinh doanh Tu b bn hoc b mt tch Sau 30 ngy k t ngy hi vin xin ra khi hi Sau 7 ngy k t ngy tuyn b hu hp ng do li ca hi vin

2.2.3. Nguyn tc ht hn hiu lc

-

3. Ri ro bo him
3.1. Nhng khiu ni v ngi: thu th v hnh khch trn tu, gm cc chi ph: - Chi ph thuc men, vin ph, mai tng theo hp ng hoc theo php lut - Chi ph hi hng do m, cht, buc phi quay tr li do tu m hoc do vi phm k lut - Chi ph tin lng, tin cng cho ngi hi hng trong thi gian hi hng hoc trong thi gian tht nghip do phi hi hng - Cc chi ph pht sinh do tu buc phi i chch hng cu ngi (nhin liu, lng thc, lng s quan thu th, cng ph)

3. Ri ro bo him
3.2. Ri ro m va: hi P&I bi thng cho bt ki ngi nao khac trong pham vi m va gia tau c bao him va tau khac nhng chi nu va trong pham vi trach nhim y khng c bi thng theo iu khoan TN m va cua n BH thn tau - Tu c bo him: +) Tn tht v ngi +) Tn tht v hng ho chuyn ch trn tu - Tu b m: +) trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m +) phn trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m ln hn gi tr thn tu c bo him +) Thit hi ca cc ti sn khc do tu c bo him m va

3. Ri ro bo him
3.3. Ri ro nhim - Nhng mt mt h hi hoc lm bn do nhim - Chi ph phng hn ch tn tht - Tin pht do nhim hoc cc chi ph thc hin mnh lnh ca chnh quyn ngn nga hay hn ch tn tht (Hi bo him min Ty nc Anh WOE gii hn mc bi thng do ri ro nhim l 400 triu $)

3. Ri ro bo him
3.4. Ri ro v hng ho - Nhng tn tht v hng ho v ti sn c chuyn ch trn tu do hi vin mc li gy ra - Cc chi ph xp d bt thng m hi vin phi chu nhng khng i c t nhng ngi khc - Phn tn tht chung phn b cho cc ch hng nhng ch tchoij vin khng i c - Cc chi ph pht sinh nu hng ho c chuyn ch trn tu khc hoc chi ph chuyn ti lu kho lu bi ngoi khu vc cng xp d nhng ch tu hi vin phi chu theo mt vn n ch sut hoc mt hp ng no m ch tu hi vin chp nhn

3. Ri ro bo him
3.5. Cc trch nhim theo mt hp ng nht nh 3.6. Bo him ri ro di chuyn xc tu: - Cc chi ph tn tht pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hu, nh du, thp sng - Cc trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hu, nh du, thp sng k c vic thi thot du - Cc trch nhim m ch tu phi chu do xc tu nm ti hoc v tnh b chuyn ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu

3. Ri ro bo him
3.7. Ri ro iu pht: trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai thc tu ch tu c th b pht do: - Khng chp hnh quy tc an ton ca mt nc bt k - Ch hng lu - Vi phm lut hi quan - Vi phm lut kiu dn - Vi phm v cu trc hoc thay i cu trc ca tu - Gy nhim (nu cha c bi thng ri ro nhim) - Hnh vi bt cn hoc thiu st ca thuyn b ca tu c bo him 3.8. Cc chi ph phng hn ch tn tht 3.9. Cc chi ph bt thng m hi vin phi chu trong qu trnh s hu khai thc khng thuc quy tc ca hi m hi vin li khng i c t nhng ngi khc