MySQL Slides

ADVANCED MYSQL
Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke
Chapter 7/1
Review Relational Model Terminology

Relation is a two-dimensional table Attributes are single valued Each attribute belongs to a domain
A domain is a physical and logical description of permittable values
No two rows are identical Order is unimportant The row is called a tuple
Chapter 7/2
Relational Algebra
Relational algebra defines a set of operators that may work on relations. Recall that relations are simply data sets. As such, relational algebra deals with set theory. The operators in relational algebra are very similar to traditional algebra except that they apply to sets.
Chapter 7/3
Relational Algebra Operators

Relational algebra provides several operators:
Union Difference Intersection Product Projection Selection Join
Chapter 7/4
Union Operator
The union operator adds tuples from one relation to another relation A union operation will result in combined relation This is similar to the logical operator OR
Chapter 7/5
Union Operator
JUNIOR and HONOR-STUDENT relations and their union:
(a) Example of JUNIOR relation (b) Example HONORSTUDENT relation (c) Union of JUNIOR and HONORSTUDENT relations
Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke Chapter 7/6
Difference Operator
The difference operator produces a third relation that contains the tuples that appear in the first relation, but not the second This is similar to a subtraction
Chapter 7/7
Difference Operator
JUNIOR relation HONORSTUDENT relation JUNIOR minus HONORSTUDENT relation
Intersection Operator
An intersection operation will produce a third relation that contains the tuples that are common to the relations involved. This is similar to the logical operator AND
Chapter 7/9
Intersection Operator
JUNIOR relation HONORSTUDENT relation Intersection of JUNIOR and HONORSTUDENT relations
Product Operator
A product operator is a concatenation of every tuple in one relation with every tuple in a second relation The resulting relation will have n x m tuples, where
n = the number of tuples in the first relation and m = the number of tuples in the second relation
This is similar to multiplication
Chapter 7/11
Projection Operator
A projection operation produces a second relation that is a subset of the first. The subset is in terms of columns, not tuples The resulting relation will contain a limited number of columns. However, every tuple will be listed.
Chapter 7/12
Selection Operator
The selection operator is similar to the projection operator. It produces a second relation that is a subset of the first. However, the selection operator produces a subset of tuples, not columns. The resulting relation contains all columns, but only contains a portion of the tuples.
Chapter 7/13
Join Operator
The join operator is a combination of the product, selection, and projection operators. There are several variations of the join operator
Equijoin Natural join Outer join
Left outer join Right outer join
Chapter 7/14
Data for Join Examples

SID Name Major GradeLevel
123
158 271 105
Jones
Parks Smith Anderson
History
Math History Management ClassName H350
JR
GR JR SN PositionNumber 1
StudentNumber 123
105
123
BA490
B490
3
7
Chapter 7/15
Join Examples
Equijoin
Natural Join
Left Outer Join

Chapter 7/16
Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

1. What are the names of all students? STUDENT [Name] 2. What are the student numbers of all students enrolled in a class? ENROLLMENT [StudentNumber]
Chapter 7/17

3. What are the student numbers of all students not enrolled in a class?
STUDENT [SID] ENROLLMENT [StudentNumber]
4. What are the numbers of students enrolled in the class BD445?

ENROLLMENT WHERE ClassName = BD445[StudentNumber]
Chapter 7/18

5. What are the names of the students enrolled in class BD445?
STUDENT JOIN (SID = StudentNumber) ENROLLMENT WHERE ClassName = BD445[STUDENT.Name]
Chapter 7/19

6. What are the names and meeting times of PARKS classes?
STUDENT WHERE Name = PARKS JOIN (SID=StudentNumber) ENROLLMENT JOIN (ClassName = Name) CLASS [CLASS.Name, Time]
Chapter 7/20

7. What are the grade levels and meeting rooms of all students, including students not enrolled in a class?
STUDENT LEFT OUTER JOIN
(SID = StudentNumber) ENROLLMENT JOIN (ClassName = Name) CLASS [GradeLevel, Room]
Chapter 7/21
Summary of Relational Algebra Operators
Chapter 7/22
Using SQL in Applications
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e
View Ridge Gallery

View Ridge Gallery is a small art gallery that has been in business for 30 years It sells contemporary European and North American fine art View Ridge has one owner, three salespeople, and two workers View Ridge owns all of the art that it sells; it holds no items on a consignment basis
Chapter 7/24
Application Requirements
View Ridge application requirements
Track customers and their artist interests Record gallery's purchases Record customers' art purchases List the artists and works that have appeared in the gallery Report how fast an artist's works have sold and at what margin Show current inventory in a Web page
View Ridge Data Model
Chapter 7/26
View Ridge Data Model

Problems: the keys for WORK and TRANSACTION are huge and the key for CUSTOMER is doubtful as many customers may not have an email address
Chapter 7/27
Surrogate Key Database Design
Chapter 7/28
Sample Values
Chapter 7/29
Sample Values
Chapter 7/30
Sample Values
Chapter 7/31
Sample Values
Chapter 7/32
Sample Values
Chapter 7/33
CHECK CONSTRAINT
CHECK CONSTRAINT defines limits for column values Two common uses
Specifying a range of allowed values Specifying an enumerated list
CHECK constraints may be used

To compare the value of one column to another To specify the format of column values With subqueries
SQL Views
SQL view is a virtual table that is constructed from other tables or views It has no data of its own, but obtains data from tables or other views SELECT statements are used to define views
A view definition may not include an ORDER BY clause
SQL views are a subset of the external views

They can be used only for external views that involve one multi-valued path through the schema
Chapter 7/35
SQL Views
Views may be used to
Hide columns or rows Show the results of computed columns Hide complicated SQL statements Provide a level of indirection between application programs and tables Assign different sets of processing permissions to tables Assign different sets of triggers
CREATE VIEW SYNTAX

CREATE [OR REPLACE] ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}] [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }] VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS select_statement [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]
Chapter 7/37
Example: CREATE VIEW

CREATE VIEW CustomerNameView AS SELECT Name AS CustomerName FROM CUSTOMER; SELECT * FROM CustomerNameView ORDER BY CustomerName;
Chapter 7/38
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/39
Chapter 7/40
Chapter 7/41
Updating Views
Views may or may not be updatable Rules for updating views are both complicated and DBMS-specific
Chapter 7/42
Updating Views
Guidelines:
Chapter 7/43
Chapter 7/44
Chapter 7/45
Chapter 7/46
Chapter 7/47
ALTER VIEW SYNTAX

ALTER [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}] [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }] VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS select_statement [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]
CHECK TABLE
CHECK TABLE view_name: to check the validation of views
Chapter 7/49
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/50
DROP VIEW SYNTAX

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view_name [, view_name] ... [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
Chapter 7/51
Chapter 7/52
Importing and Exporting data

Using LOAD DATA INFILE statement to import data from files Using SELECT INTO OUTFILE statement to export data to files Using mysqldump in command lines
Chapter 7/53
Importing data from files

LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE 'file_name' [REPLACE | IGNORE] INTO TABLE tbl_name [{FIELDS | COLUMNS} [TERMINATED BY 'string'] [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char'] [ESCAPED BY 'char'] ] [LINES [STARTING BY 'string'] [TERMINATED BY 'string'] ] [IGNORE number LINES] [(col_name,...)]
EXAMPLES
Chapter 7/55
EXPORTING DATA
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS] select_expr [, select_expr ...] [FROM table_references [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]] [HAVING where_condition] [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...] [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}] [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)] [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | INTO var_name [, var_name]] [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]
Chapter 7/56
EXAMPLES
Chapter 7/57
Chapter 7/58
EXPORTING DATA WITH MYSQLDUMP

shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tbl_name ...] shell> mysqldump [options] -databases db_name ... shell> mysqldump [options] --alldatabases
Chapter 7/59
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/60
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/61
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/62
RESTORE DATA
Chapter 7/63
Embedding SQL In Program Code

SQL can be embedded in triggers, stored procedures, and program code Problem: assigning SQL table columns with program variables Solution: object-oriented programming, PL/SQL Problem: paradigm mismatch between SQL and application programming language
SQL statements return sets of rows; an applications work on one row at a time
Solution: process the SQL results as pseudo-files

Chapter 7/64
Triggers
A trigger is a stored program that is executed by the DBMS whenever a specified event occurs on a specified table or view Three trigger types: BEFORE, INSTEAD OF, and AFTER
Each type can be declared for Insert, Update, and Delete Resulting in a total of nine trigger types
Oracle supports all nine trigger types SQL Server supports six trigger types (only for INSTEAD OF and AFTER triggers)
Chapter 7/65
CREATE TRIGGERS
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name {BEFORE|AFTER} {INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE} ON table_name FOR EACH ROW trigger_statement
Chapter 7/66
Firing Triggers
When a trigger is fired, the DBMS supplies
Old and new values for the update New values for inserts Old values for deletions
The way the values are supplied depends on the DBMS product Trigger applications:
Checking validity (Figure 7-14) Providing default values (Figure 7-15) Updating views (Figure 7-16) Enforcing referential integrity actions (Figure 7-17, 7-18)
Chapter 7/67
EXAMPLES
Chapter 7/68
Chapter 7/69
Chapter 7/70
Chapter 7/71
Chapter 7/72
DROP TRIGGER
DROP TRIGGER trigger_name
Chapter 7/73
Chapter 7/74
User Variables and Prepared Statements

User varibles Using prepared statements with mysql
Chapter 7/75
User Variable Syntax

SET @var_name = expr [, @var_name = expr] ... User variables can be assigned a value from a limited set of data types: integer, decimal, floating-point, binary or nonbinary string, or NULL value
Chapter 7/76
EXAMPLES
Chapter 7/77
String operators
Chapter 7/78
Read a file of maximum_allowed_package bytes (1GB)

Chapter 7/80
Chapter 7/81
Syntax
PREPARE stmt_name FROM preparable_stmt EXECUTE stmt_name [USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...] {DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name
Chapter 7/82
Prepare statement
mysql> PREPARE stmt1 FROM 'SELECT SQRT(POW(?,2) + POW(?,2)) AS hethuctamgiacvuong'; mysql> SET @a = 3; mysql> SET @b = 4; mysql> EXECUTE stmt1 USING @a, @b;
Chapter 7/84
Chapter 7/85
Chapter 7/86
Chapter 7/87
Drop Prepare
Chapter 7/88
E-PROJECT
Nhom 1: Men (TL), Phu, Trong Nhom 2: Tu, Khai (TL), Quyet, Hien
Chapter 7/89
Ni dung
La chn v gii thiu ch (c kho st thc t) Thit k c s d liu, quan h gia cc bng (quan h cc bng c biu din bng s ) D liu >=50 records S dng View cho cc truy vn trn nhiu bng
Export kt qu ra file txt hoc xls S dng triggers kim sot nhp, xut d liu S dng cc stored functions, routines Phn quyn ngi dng (root,admin,users) Cho php kt ni database server t nhiu ip khc nhau
Chapter 7/91
Bo co
Th 7 (3/12/2011) : trnh by trn lp File export (.txt, .xls), file .word, .ppt, .sql
Chapter 7/92
Stored Procedures
A stored procedure is a program that is stored within the database and is compiled when used
In Oracle, it can be written in PL/SQL or Java In SQL Server, it can be written in TRANSACT-SQL
Stored procedures can receive input parameters and they can return results Stored procedures can be called from
Programs written in standard languages, e.g., Java, C# Scripting languages, e.g., JavaScript, VBScript SQL command prompt, e.g., SQL Plus, Query Analyzer
Chapter 7/93
Stored Procedure Advantages

Greater security as store procedures are always stored on the database server Decreased network traffic SQL can be optimized by the DBMS compiler Code sharing resulting in
Less work Standardized processing Specialization among developers
Define Procedure Syntax

CREATE [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]]) [characteristic ...] routine_body
Chapter 7/95
Define Function Syntax

CREATE [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]]) RETURNS type [characteristic ...] routine_body
Chapter 7/96
Examples
Chapter 7/97
Chapter 7/98
Chapter 7/99
Chapter 7/100
Chapter 7/101
Chapter 7/102
IN and OUT
Chapter 7/103
Declare statement
Used for declaring varibles, conditions Syntax: DECLARE var_name data_type
Chapter 7/104
Chapter 7/105
Conditions and Handlers

Conditions may arise during stored program execution that require special handling, such as exiting the current program block or continuing execution. Handlers can be defined for general conditions such as warnings or exceptions, or for specific conditions such as a particular error code. Specific conditions can be assigned names and referred to that way in handlers.
Chapter 7/106
Conditions Declare syntax

DECLARE condition_name CONDITION FOR condition_value condition_value: mysql_error_code | SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value
Chapter 7/107
EXAMPLE
Chapter 7/108
Handlers Declare syntax

DECLARE handler_action HANDLER FOR condition_value [, condition_value] ... statement handler_action: CONTINUE | EXIT | UNDO condition_value: mysql_error_code | SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value | condition_name | SQLWARNING | NOT FOUND | SQLEXCEPTION
Chapter 7/110
Chapter 7/111
CURSORS
MySQL supports cursors inside stored programs. The syntax is as in embedded SQL. Cursors have these properties: 1. Asensitive: The server may or may not make a copy of its result table 2. Read only: Not updatable 3. Nonscrollable: Can be traversed only in one direction and cannot skip rows Cursors must be declared before declaring handlers and after declaring variables and conditions.
DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR select_statement OPEN cursor_name FETCH cursor_name INTO var_name [, var_name] ... CLOSE cursor_name
Chapter 7/113
Chapter 7/114
Chapter 7/115
Chapter 7/116
Flow control
IF and CASE: conditional testing LOOP, REPEAT, WHILE: loops
Chapter 7/117
IF search_condition THEN statement_list [ELSEIF search_condition THEN statement_list] ... [ELSE statement_list] END IF
Chapter 7/118
Chapter 7/119
CASE case_value WHEN when_value THEN statement_list [WHEN when_value THEN statement_list] ... [ELSE statement_list] END CASE
Attention: Transfer of Control

LEAVE label: transfer to the end of the named construct ITERATE label: transfer to the beginning of the named construct Transfer of Control can be used with blocks and loops
Chapter 7/121
Chapter 7/122
[begin_label:] LOOP statement_list END LOOP [end_label]
Chapter 7/123
Chapter 7/124
[begin_label:] WHILE search_condition DO statement_list END WHILE [end_label]
Chapter 7/125
[begin_label:] REPEAT statement_list UNTIL search_condition END REPEAT [end_label]
Chapter 7/126
Drop Procedure, Functions

DROP PROCEDURE proc_name DROP FUNCTION func_name
Chapter 7/127
Account Management Statements

CREATE user DROP user RENAME user GRANT syntax
Chapter 7/128
CREATE USER syntax

CREATE USER user_specification [, user_specification] ... user_specification: user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']
Chapter 7/129
RENAME USER syntax

RENAME USER old_user TO new_user [, old_user TO new_user] ...
Chapter 7/130
DROP USER syntax

DROP USER username
Chapter 7/131
Chapter 7/132
GRANT syntax
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... ON [object_type] priv_level TO user_specification [, user_specification] ... [REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND] ssl_option] ...}] [WITH with_option ...]
Chapter 7/133
Chapter 7/134
Debugging MYSQL Applications

Interpret error messages Using SHOW WARNINGS and SHOW ERRORS statements perror
Chapter 7/135
SHOW WARNINGS statement
Chapter 7/136
SHOW ERRORS statement
Chapter 7/137
Using SQL In Application Code

SQL can be embedded in application programs Several SQL statements need to be executed to populate an external view The application program causes the statements to be executed and then displays the results of the query in the forms grid controls
Chapter 7/138
Using SQL In Application Code (cont.)

The application program also processes and coordinates user actions on a form, including
Populating a drop-down list box Making the appropriate changes to foreign keys to create record relationships
The particulars by which SQL code is inserted into applications depend on the language and data-manipulation methodology used
Chapter 7/139
Review Introduction to MySQL
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e
More features
Cross-database joins Outer joins API: C/C++, Eiffel, Java, PHP, Perl, Python, TCL Runs on Windows, UNIX, and Mac High performance
Chapter 7/141
SQL syntax
CREATE TABLE people (name CHAR(10)) INSERT INTO people VALUES (Joe) SELECT name FROM people WHERE name like J%
Chapter 7/142
SQL commands
SHOW DATABASES SHOW TABLES Data types: INT, REAL, CHAR(l), VARCHAR(l), TEXT(l), DATE, TIME ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFY mycolumn TEXT(100) ENUM(cat,dog,rabbit,pig)
SQL commands
CREATE DATABASE dbname CREATE TABLE tname (id NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT) CREATE INDEX part_of_name ON customer (name(10)) INSERT INTO tname (c1, , cn) values (v1, , vn)
JOINs and ALIASing

SELECT book.title, author.name
FROM author, book WHERE books.author = author.id SELECT very_long_column_name AS col FROM tname WHERE col=5
Chapter 7/145
Loading text files

Comma-separated files (*.csv) LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "whatever.csv" INTO TABLE tname
Chapter 7/146
Aggregate queries
SELECT position FROM people GROUP by position SELECT position, AVG (salary) FROM people GROUP BY position HAVING AVG (salary) > 50000.00
Chapter 7/147
Full text search

CREATE TABLE WebCache (
url VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ptext TEXT NOT NULL, FULLTEXT (ptext));
INSERT INTO WebCache (url, ptext) VALUES (index.html, Welcome to the University of Michigan); SELECT url from WebCache WHERE MATCH (ptext) against (Michigan);
Chapter 7/148
Advanced features
Transactions Table locking Functions Unions Outer joins
Chapter 7/149
Installing MySQL on Windows

http://www.mysql.com/products/mysql / http://www.webdevelopersnotes.com/t utorials/sql/index.php3
Chapter 7/150
Useful pointers
Small example: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/ctg/dm/sql_exa mples.htm MySQL documentation: http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/index.html (official) MySQL tutorial: http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Tutorial.html Online, interactive tutorials: http://sqlzoo.net/ http://sql.grussell.org/
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/ctg/dm/sql_examples.htm
use test;
CREATE TABLE STATION (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, CITY CHAR(20), STATE CHAR(2), LAT_N REAL, LONG_W REAL);
DESCRIBE STATION;
INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (13, 'Phoenix', 'AZ', 33, 112); INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (44, 'Denver', 'CO', 40, 105); INSERT INTO STATION VALUES (66, 'Caribou', 'ME', 47, 68);
SELECT * FROM STATION;
SELECT * FROM STATION WHERE LAT_N > 39.7; Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke
Chapter 7/152
SELECT ID, CITY, STATE FROM STATION; ID CITY STATE ;
SELECT ID, CITY, STATE FROM STATION WHERE LAT_N > 39.7;
CREATE TABLE STATS (ID INTEGER REFERENCES STATION(ID), MONTH INTEGER CHECK (MONTH BETWEEN 1 AND 12), TEMP_F REAL CHECK (TEMP_F BETWEEN -80 AND 150), RAIN_I REAL CHECK (RAIN_I BETWEEN 0 AND 100), PRIMARY KEY (ID, MONTH));
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (13, 1, 57.4, 0.31); INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (13, 7, 91.7, 5.15); INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (44, 1, 27.3, 0.18); INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (44, 7, 74.8, 2.11); INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (66, 1, 6.7, 2.10);
INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (66, 7, 65.8, 4.52);
SELECT * FROM STATS;
Chapter 7/153
SELECT * FROM STATION, STATS
WHERE STATION.ID = STATS.ID;
SELECT MONTH, ID, RAIN_I, TEMP_F FROM STATS ORDER BY MONTH, RAIN_I DESC;
SELECT LAT_N, CITY, TEMP_F FROM STATS, STATION WHERE MONTH = 7 AND STATS.ID = STATION.ID ORDER BY TEMP_F;
SELECT MAX(TEMP_F), MIN(TEMP_F), AVG(RAIN_I), ID FROM STATS GROUP BY ID;
SELECT * FROM STATION

WHERE 50 < (SELECT AVG(TEMP_F) FROM STATS WHERE STATION.ID = STATS.ID);
Chapter 7/154
CREATE VIEW METRIC_STATS (ID, MONTH, TEMP_C, RAIN_C) AS
SELECT ID,
MONTH, (TEMP_F - 32) * 5 /9, RAIN_I * 0.3937 FROM STATS;
SELECT * FROM METRIC_STATS;
SELECT * FROM METRIC_STATS WHERE TEMP_C < 0 AND MONTH = 1 ORDER BY RAIN_C;
UPDATE STATS SET RAIN_I = RAIN_I + 0.01;
UPDATE STATS SET TEMP_F = 74.9

WHERE ID = 44 AND MONTH = 7;
Chapter 7/155
COMMIT WORK;
UPDATE STATS SET RAIN_I = 4.50 WHERE ID = 44;
ROLLBACK WORK;
UPDATE STATS SET RAIN_I = 4.50 WHERE ID = 44 AND MONTH = 7;
COMMIT WORK;
Chapter 7/156
DELETE FROM STATS
WHERE MONTH = 7
OR ID IN (SELECT ID FROM STATION WHERE LONG_W < 90);
DELETE FROM STATION WHERE LONG_W < 90;
COMMIT WORK;
SELECT * FROM STATION;
SELECT * FROM METRIC_STATS;
Chapter 7/157
http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Tutorial.html
CREATE TABLE animals (

id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
INSERT INTO animals (name) VALUES ("dog"),("cat"),("penguin"), ("lax"),("whale"),("ostrich"); SELECT * FROM animals;
CREATE TABLE shop ( article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL, dealer CHAR(20) price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,
DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(article, dealer));
INSERT INTO shop VALUES

(1,'A',3.45),(1,'B',3.99),(2,'A',10.99),(3,'B',1.45),(3,'C',1.69), (3,'D',1.25),(4,'D',19.95);
SELECT * FROM shop; Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke
Chapter 7/158
CREATE TABLE articles (
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

title VARCHAR(200), body TEXT, FULLTEXT (title,body) );
INSERT INTO articles VALUES (NULL,'MySQL Tutorial', 'DBMS stands for DataBase ...'), (NULL,'How To Use MySQL Efficiently', 'After you went through a ...'), (NULL,'Optimizing MySQL','In this tutorial we will show ...'), (NULL,'1001 MySQL Tricks','1. Never run mysqld as root. 2. ...'),
(NULL,'MySQL vs. YourSQL', 'In the following database comparison ...'), (NULL,'MySQL Security', 'When configured properly, MySQL ...');
SELECT * FROM articles WHERE MATCH (title,body) AGAINST ('database');
Chapter 7/159
# What's the highest item number?
SELECT MAX(article) AS article FROM shop;
# Find number, dealer, and price of the most expensive article.
SELECT MAX(price) FROM shop;
SELECT article, dealer, price FROM shop WHERE price=19.95;
SELECT article, dealer, price FROM shop ORDER BY price DESC LIMIT 1;
# What's the highest price per article?
SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price FROM shop GROUP BY article; Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke
Chapter 7/160
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (
article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL,

price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL);
LOCK TABLES shop READ;
INSERT INTO tmp SELECT article, MAX(price) FROM shop GROUP BY article;
SELECT shop.article, dealer, shop.price FROM shop, tmp WHERE shop.article=tmp.article AND shop.price=tmp.price;
UNLOCK TABLES;
DROP TABLE tmp; SELECT article, SUBSTRING( MAX( CONCAT(LPAD(price,6,'0'),dealer) ), 7) AS dealer,
0.00+LEFT(
FROM shop
MAX( CONCAT(LPAD(price,6,'0'),dealer) ), 6) AS price
GROUP BY article;
Chapter 7/161
# find the articles with the highest and lowest price
SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop;
SELECT * FROM shop WHERE price=@min_price OR price=@max_price;
# foreign keys
CREATE TABLE person ( id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(60) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
CREATE TABLE shirt ( id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, style ENUM('t-shirt', 'polo', 'dress') NOT NULL,
color ENUM('red', 'blue', 'orange', 'white', 'black') NOT NULL,

owner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL REFERENCES person(id), PRIMARY KEY (id) ); Copyright 2004 Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e by David M. Kroenke
Chapter 7/162
INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL, 'Antonio Paz');
INSERT INTO shirt VALUES (NULL, 'polo', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID()), (NULL, 'dress', 'white', LAST_INSERT_ID()), (NULL, 't-shirt', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID());
INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL, 'Lilliana Angelovska');
INSERT INTO shirt VALUES (NULL, 'dress', 'orange', LAST_INSERT_ID()), (NULL, 'polo', 'red', LAST_INSERT_ID()), (NULL, 'dress', 'blue', LAST_INSERT_ID()), (NULL, 't-shirt', 'white', LAST_INSERT_ID());
SELECT * FROM person;
SELECT * FROM shirt;
Chapter 7/163
SELECT s.* FROM person p, shirt s
WHERE p.name LIKE 'Lilliana%'

AND s.owner = p.id AND s.color <> 'white';
# unions
select id, style from shirt where color = 'blue' union select id, style from shirt where color = 'orange'
# visits per day
CREATE TABLE t1 (year YEAR(4), month INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL, day INT(2) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2000,1,1),(2000,1,20),(2000,1,30),(2000,2,2), (2000,2,23),(2000,2,23);
SELECT year,month,BIT_COUNT(BIT_OR(1<<day)) AS days FROM t1 GROUP BY year,month;
Chapter 7/164
References
Bi ging MySQL Ai-ti Aptech SQL applications Dragomir R. Radev Fall 2005 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/ en/
Chapter 7/165

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ADVANCED MYSQL

Review Relational Model Terminology

Relational Algebra Operators

This is similar to multiplication

Data for Join Examples

Left Outer Join

Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

4. What are the numbers of students enrolled in the class BD445?

Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

Expressing Queries in Relational Algebra

Summary of Relational Algebra Operators

Using SQL in Applications

Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

View Ridge Gallery

View Ridge Data Model

View Ridge Data Model

Surrogate Key Database Design

CHECK constraints may be used

SQL views are a subset of the external views

CREATE VIEW SYNTAX

Example: CREATE VIEW

ALTER VIEW SYNTAX

DROP VIEW SYNTAX

Importing and Exporting data

Importing data from files

EXPORTING DATA WITH MYSQLDUMP

Embedding SQL In Program Code

Solution: process the SQL results as pseudo-files

User Variables and Prepared Statements

User Variable Syntax

Read a file of maximum_allowed_package bytes (1GB)

Stored Procedure Advantages

Define Procedure Syntax

Define Function Syntax

Conditions and Handlers

Conditions Declare syntax

Handlers Declare syntax

Attention: Transfer of Control

[begin_label:] LOOP statement_list END LOOP [end_label]

[begin_label:] WHILE search_condition DO statement_list END WHILE [end_label]

[begin_label:] REPEAT statement_list UNTIL search_condition END REPEAT [end_label]

Drop Procedure, Functions

Account Management Statements

CREATE USER syntax

RENAME USER syntax

DROP USER syntax

Debugging MYSQL Applications

SHOW WARNINGS statement

SHOW ERRORS statement

Using SQL In Application Code

Using SQL In Application Code (cont.)

Review Introduction to MySQL

Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation, 9/e

JOINs and ALIASing

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Installing MySQL on Windows

SELECT * FROM STATION;

SELECT ID, CITY, STATE FROM STATION; ID CITY STATE ;

INSERT INTO STATS VALUES (66, 7, 65.8, 4.52);

SELECT * FROM STATS;