CONG NGHE SAN XUAT B

GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

NGUYEN THUY HNG

NHOM THC HIEN:

NGUYEN TH THANH HUYEN LA TRONG NGHA CAO MINH HAI

TH NAM 9/ 3/ 2006

OI NET VE B
B la mot san pham lam t m sa. Co nhiet nang ln, o tieu hoa cao, giau cac loai vitamine A, E, B1, B2, C, D. B co rat nhieu loai, khac nhau ve thanh phan, mui v va phng phap che bien. PHAN LOAI B:
Theo mui v: B ngot B chua B man B co gia v Theo phng phap san xuat: Phng phap ao tron. Phng phap lien tuc .

THANH PHAN TRONG B

Nc Chat beo Muoi Protein Vitamine Vitamine 16 18 % 80 83 % 02 % % 2500 ( n v quoc te/100g) 55 ( n v quoc te/100g)

0,7 A D

THANH PHAN TRUNG BNH CUA 1000 G B NH SAU: * Chat beo 829 840 g * Chat kho khac 5 -20 g ( Casein, Lactose, muoi khoang) * Nc 140 -160 g

KY THUAT SAN XUAT B

CONG NGHE SAN XUAT CAC SAN PHAM B NHAT THIET PHAI TRAI QUA HAI GIAI OAN CHNH: 1. 2. Cong oan tach m sa (cream sa). Che bien cream sa thanh san pham b: * Lam giam o acid cua khoi cream thu t nong trai. * Ra cream. * Thanh trung cream. * Lam lanh va kh mui cream sau thanh trung. * Lam chn cream ( len men b ). * anh cream va nhao tron b. * Bao goi va bao quan b.

CREAM
VI KHUAN LACTIC NHAN GIONG THANH TRUNG

CAY GIONG

LEN MEN VA X LY NHIET LANH BAO B

TAO HAT B BAO GOI B LEN MEN

S O QUI TRNH CONG NGHE SAN XUAT B

1.CONG OAN TACH CREAM SA

Co nhieu cach khac nhau: t thu cong en c gii. * TACH CREAM SA BANG PHNG PHAP T NHIEN: - Dch sa trang thai tnh xay ra s phan tach cac hat cau beo. - Cac hat sa chuyen ong vi van toc v, theo che o phan tang. - Van toc v o c tnh theo cong thc STOKES:

1 D2( P p) g 18 N

Phng phap gan t nhien t s dung do: Qua trnh cham Khong lien tuc. u iem cua phng phap li tam gan t nhien la: Nhanh Qua trnh tach lien tuc.

TACH CREAM BANG PHNG PHAP LI TAM GAN:

2. QUA TRNH LAM GIAM O ACID CUA KHOI CREAM THU C T NONG TRAI
ay la giai oan chuan hoa thanh pham beo. Co hai cach lam giam o acid: 1. Ra cream cho phep loai c cac chat mang tnh acid. 2. Dung hoa chat e trung hoa acid d: - CaO Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH) 2 NaOH Na 2CO3 NaHCO3 - Phai tinh khiet. - De hoa tan. - c bao quan tot. Vd: e trung hoa 1 phan t gam acid Lactic can dung 40 g NaOH.

KY THUAT LAM GIAM O ACID - Xac nh khoi lng cream can x ly. - Xac nh o acid, ham lng chat beo co trong khoi cream. - Xac nh o acid can giam bt. Vd: ngi ta xac nh c: Khoi cream 1000 kg co : ham lng beo 35% o aicd ban au la 60oD

Vay e a khoi cream ve 13oD

can dung 1880 g NaOH.

Neu dung MgO th can mot lng la 2256g. Lu y: chat trung hoa trc khi em dung phai c hoa tan vao nuc. Phai un nong khoi cream en 30 35 oC e khoi cream nong chay de tron nhanh vi chat trung hoa.

RA CREAM THU C T NONG TRAI

Hoa cream vao nc vi t le 1:1 hay 1:2. Cream va nc c tach ra. Nc c tach ra cuon theo tat ca cac san pham phan huy co mat ban au trong khoi cream. Co the bo sung them mot lng ng Lactose.

3.THANH TRUNG CREAM

MUC CH THANH TRUNG: 1. Pha huy cau truc vi sinh vat gay benh. 2. Loai vi sinh vat co the phan huy cream. 3. nh ch hoat ong cua enzyme Lipase. IEU KIEN THANH TRUNG: 1. Lam cho vi sinh vat chu c nhiet ton tai trong khoi cream bat hoat. 2. Lam cho enzyme Lipase bat hoat nhiet o cao. 3. un nong nhiet o cao nham han che s hnh thanh nhng mui v bat thng nh mui ca. 4. Ngan can s hnh thanh mui da. NHIET O THANH TRUNG: 92 95oC trong 30s 97 98oC trong vai giay.

QUA TRNH LAM LANH CAN PHAI: 1. Nhanh e han che mui la xuat hien. 2. Tranh nhiem vi sinh vat. Nhiet o lam lanh phu thuoc nhieu vao ky thuat lam chn b. CO NHIEU CACH LAM LANH: 1. Trong cac thiet b dang ong hay a kho b oxy hoa trong ieu kien khong co khong kh. 2. Trong cac thiet b co dong nc chay tran, co mat kh oxy.
(de lam cho san pham co mui v dang hi)

4. LAM LANH VA KH MUI SAU KHI THANH TRUNG CREAM

QUA TRNH KH MUI BANG CHNG CAT:

Nguyen tac: loai tr cac phan bay hi co mui nh hi nc trong thiet b.

5. QUA TRNH CHN CUA CREAM

Nham tao cho b co mui ac trng. Mc o tao hng cua san pham phu thuoc nhieu vao giai oan nay. Neu lam b khong qua giai oan nay se tao ra cac san pham b khong qua len men, do o b se khong co mui thm.

Qua trnh lam giam o acid giup tang gia tr cam quan cua cream.
Nguon goc hng thm cua b: - Nh qua trnh len men cua mot so loai vi khuan Lactic: Thng gap la: STREPTOCOCCUS DIACETYLACTIS LEUCONOSTOS CITROVORUM

- Ngoai kha nang tao ra lng ln acid Lactic, cac vi khuan nay con tao ra cac : ACETYLMETYLCARBINOL ACETOIN - Acetoin la chat khong mui, khi b oxy hoa tao ra DIACETYL la chat thm chu

yeu trong b

Acetoin va diacetyl tiep tuc b chuyen hoa tao ra 2,3- Butylen glycol la chat khong mui v trong 24h, nhng khi lam lanh, qua trnh chuyen hoa nay b dng lai, va hng thm c bao ton. CH3-CHOH-CHOH-CH3 2,3- Butylen glycol Ngoai ra, s co mat cua acid xitric ong vai tro quan trong trong viec sinh thanh hng thm.

( lng diacetyl trong b t 0,5 1,5 mg/ kg b cho hng ac trng cho san pham).

 CONG OAN CAY GIONG VI SINH VAT

- Streptococcud diacetylactis - Leuconostos citrovorum. - ay thuoc loai vi khuan lactic d hnh. Qua trnh len men tao khoang 40% acid lactic. - Moi trng nhan giong : sa gay. Sa gay c thanh trung 90 95oC, trong 15- 30 phut. - Nhiet o thch hp e nhan giong: 20oC. - Ket thuc qua trnh nhan giong : so te bao vi khuan len en 109 tb/ml. - Lng giong cay vao cream phu thuoc vao: ch so iot cua nguyen lieu nhiet o len men. - Ty le giong thng la: 1- 7%.

LEN MEN VA X LY NHIET LANH

- ay la hai qua trnh song song. - Thiet b len men: hnh tru Co canh khuay. Co bo phan hieu chnh nhiet o. - Lng giong cay vao phu thuoc ch so iot, che o x ly nhiet- lanh. V du: Ch so Iot 35 37 Che o x ly nhiet lanh 6-17-11 Lng giong cay 6% (v/v) -Can tien hanh lam nguoi nhanh e ham lung cac san pham tao v chua va hng cho b at c ty le can oi. - Sau khi ket thuc len men, lng diacetyl trong cream khoang 1 1,5 ppm.

C CHE SINH HOA CUA S TAO THANH CHAT THM TRONG SAN PHAM B T NG LACTOSE VA ACID XITRIC.
GLUCOSE LACTOSE GALACTOSE

CAC SAN PHAM TRUNG GIAN

ACID PYRUVIC

ACETALDEHYD

ACID LACTIC

ACID ACETIC

ACID ACETOLACTIC

ACETOIN

DIACETYL

BUTYLEN GLYCOL

6. QUA TRNH ANH CREAM VA NHAO TRON B

MUC CH AO TRON: lien ket cac cau m vi nhau, di dang cac hat b. Co nhieu thuyet khac nhau giai thch s tao thanh b: Noi dung: giai thch nguyen nhan, phng phap chuyen hoa t cau m khac nhau thanh b. e chuyen hoa cau m t trang thai nhu tng thanh b phai pha v lp vo lipo-protein bao boc ben ngoai. THUYET CUC AXEIKIN VA GRISENCO: S tao b do chuyen ong xoay cua cream khi ao tron. Tren truc day xoay xuat hien chan khong va cau m tap trung lai. Tac ong nen c hoc lam cau m mat mang bao cau m ket hp nhau va tao hat b.

NHNG YEU TO ANH HNG EN VIEC AO TRON B

- o day thiet b:

o day phu hp.

- Ham lng chat beo cua cream:

tuy thuoc ham lng chat beo, ma thiet b co

32 37%.

Ham lng chat beo tang, thi gian ao tron rut ngan.
- Nhiet o ao tron ban au:

tao b.
Vd:

ha thap nhiet o ao tron, lam cham qua trnh

cream 37% chat beo, nhiet o ao tron thch hp la 8 -10oC vao mua he.

- Thi gian ao tron:

Thi gian ao tron dai, hat b cng.

- Chat lng va kch thc hat b:

khoang 50 60 phut.

thc t 3 -4 mm.

ket thuc qua trnh ao tron khi hat b at kch

QUA TRNH RA CAC HAT B

MUC CH: Giam lng nc va tap chat con cha trong cream cha thoat het sau khi ao tron. - Nhiet o nc ra: phu thuoc trang thai b, thng < nhiet o ao tron 2 -3 oC.

THAO TAC: - Cho vao thiet b 1 lng nc phu hp. - Quay 5 -6 vong. - Thao nc i. - Lam lien tuc 2 -3 lan.

QUA TRNH X LY HAT B

- ay la khau quan trong nhat cua qua trnh san xuat b. MUC CH: - Chuyen cac hat b ri rac thanh khoi b mn. - ieu chnh lng nc ti mc tieu chuan. - Phan bo eu lng nc di dang cac hat nho. - Tao cho b co hnh thai tot.

- B c cha trong cac bao b, giay goi a c x ly bang acid sulfuric hai lan.

7. BAO GOI VA BAO QUAN

- Co the dung giay trang parafin hay giay nhom. - Trong lng bao goi tuy thuoc vao yeu cau s dung. BAO QUAN B: 1. Phng phap muoi: dung NaCl. Tuy vao lng muoi s dung ma b co ten goi khac nhau: B mot na muoi B man ( NaCL 5 10%). 2. Bao quan tam thi trong kho lanh: - 15 hay 10 oC. Bang cach nay co the bao quan trong nhieu thang. 3. Bao quan lanh hay lanh ong: nhng khong am bao trang thai ti. Chu y: khong bao quan chung vi tht ca, phomat. Thi han khong qua 3 thang.

8. ANH GIA CAM QUAN

MAU SAC CUA B: Mau phu thuoc v tr a ly va mua thu hoach. Thng b mau vang. Co the a them chat mau vao khoi cream trc khi ong hoa nham ong nhat mau sac b. MUI V B: Co the tao hng cho b bang cach: cho vao khoi cream cac san pham co mui thu c t qua trnh chng cat sinh khoi vi khuan lactic. B tao ra oi hoi phai co hng thm t nhien, phu hp vi khau v tng vung.

CAC DANG THAY OI VA BIEN CHAT CUA B

1. Thay oi ve cau truc: cua san pham. 2. 3. b b mem hay b dnh do ty le olein t do dang long qua ln. b b san : lam mat i s mem mai va gia tr cam quan

Thay oi do s phan tan khong ong eu cua nc: Khi cat b, tren lat cat con lai cac giot nc, do nhao tron cha at yeu cau. S bien chat ve mui va v: Do vi khuan tao ra:

S oi khet Mui acid Mui phomat Mui nam men Mui moc Mui malt

Do cac qua trnh hoa hoc:

Mui kim loai Mui m Mui ca Mui caramen

CU THE NH SAU: - S oi khet do co mat acid butyric, acid caprolic trong qua trnh len men. Mui acid : do vi khuan sinh ra, hay do sa co lng cream t.

Mui phomat : do qua trnh casein b phan huy. Mui nam men Mui nam moc Mui malt : trong cream co o acid cao, ng lactose co the b len men ru. : do trong qua trnh bao quan b b nhiem moc. : gay ra bi mot so loai vi khuan lactic.

Mui kim loai lieu lng cao.

: co v tanh rat ac trng. Do b tiep xuc vi sat hay ong vi

Mui caramen nguyen lieu: do qua trnh lam giam o acid cua b theo cong nghe khong hp ly. Mui m Mui ca cream. Mui nau (mui chay) : khi b bao quan lau thng xuat hien mui nay. : sinh ra do qua trnh oxy hoa cac acid beo khong no co trong

: do qua trnh thanh trung khong hp ly.

Ngoai ra, con co mui kho cha, mui hap hi, chuong trai, thc an cho vat nuoi,

BIEN PHAP LAM GIAM S BIEN CHAT VE MUI

- Tranh s co mat cua cac he vi khuan khong mong muon. - Can tien hanh che bien trong ieu kien khong co khong kh va kim loai.

 CHAN THANH CAM N S QUAN TAM CUA CO VA CAC BAN