m s s

Bluetooth

DAVINDER SINGH ME (ECE) 604

Introduction
Bluetooth is a new standard developed by a group of

electronics manufacturers that will allow any sort of electronic equipment -- from computers and cell phones to keyboards and headphones -- to make its own connections, without wires, cables via a secure , low cost , globally available short range radio frequency.
The name is attributed to Harald Bluetooth ,king of

Denmark, who united Denmark and Norway.

Bluetooth technology is the implementation of a

protocol defined by the IEEE 802.15 standard ; that defines a wireless personal area-network (PAN).
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Features
Universal short range radio communication standard

Runs at 2.4GHz ISM band divided into 79 channels of 1 MHz

each Range 10+ meters Performs fast frequency hopping between 79 points to avoid interference i.e. 1600 times/sec. Low power,32-100 mA during sustained data transmissions between devices. Transfers data at 721 Kbps ,which is 3-8 times the average speed of parallel and serial ports resp. Bandwidth is wide enough to carry voice and data signals. 300-400 Kbps real data rate.

Bluetooth Topology
Bluetooth defines two types of networks Piconet Scatternet

Technical Overview

Bluetooth Radio Specification

Applications
SDP
IP RFCOMM

Data
Audio

L2CAP Link Manager

Baseband RF

Radio Layer
The Radio layer is the lowest defined layer of

the Bluetooth specification ;roughly equivalent to the physical layer of internet model. It defines the requirements of the Bluetooth transceiver device operating in the 2.4 GHz Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) band divided into 79 channels of 1 MHz each. To avoid interference from other networks or devices FHSS method is used ,hopping at 1600 times/sec with dwell time 625us. The designated range is from 2.402GHz to 2.480GHz, in steps of 1MHz. To transform bits to a signal, sophisticated version of FSK , called GFSK is used.
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Baseband
Applications
SDP
IP RFCOMM

Data
Audio

L2CAP Link Manager

Baseband RF

Baseband Layer
Equivalent to MAC sub layer in LANs that governs

the operation of access method. Access method in Bluetooth is TDD-TDMA.; a kind of half duplex communication with each direction using different hops. It frames data received from upper layer and passes them to the physical layer. This layer defines the timing, framing, packets and flow control on the link.

Piconet channel
f0 f1 f2

f3

f4

f5

s1 s2
625 us 1600 hops/sec

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Packet Format
72 bits 54 bits

0 - 2745 bits

Access code

Header

Payload

Synchronization identification

Address(3) Packet Type (4) Flow control (1) ARQ (1) SEQN (1) HEC (8)

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Link Manager Protocol

Applications
SDP IP RFCOMM

Data
Audio L2CAP Link Manager
LMP

Baseband RF

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Link Manager Protocol

Responsible for establishing and maintaining connections in
piconets as well as quality monitoring and security services

Piconet Management
Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links

Link Configuration
packet type negotiation power control

Security functions
Authentication Encryption
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Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol

Applications
SDP IP RFCOMM

L2CAP provides
Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group management

Data
Audio L2CAP Link Manager

Baseband RF

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L2CAP
L2CAP layer serves upper layer by transmitting data over channels . It is used

for data exchange on an ACL links. A channel is setup in the following procedure: 1. Connection A L2CAP entity requests connection to a remote device. The request has been passed from upper layers of the first L2CAP entity. When a response is received, the local device enters Config state. 2. Configuration Configuration process involves a negotiation between two end points of the channel over maximum transmission unit (MTU), a flush time out and quality of service (QoS) agreement. Once all these issues have been successfully negotiated, the two end points enters Open state, in which data transfer may begin. 3. Disconnection When a L2CAP layer receives a disconnect request from upper layer, it passes it to the remote device. When response received, the channel enters Closed state.

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Serial Port Emulation using RFCOMM

Applications
SDP
IP RFCOMM

Data
Audio

L2CAP Link Manager

(RFCOMM) provides a serial communication channel on top of L2CAP.

Baseband RF

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Bluetooth Service Discovery Protocol

Applications
SDP
IP RFCOMM

Data
Audio

L2CAP Link Manager

Baseband RF

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Example usage of SDP

Establish L2CAP connection to remote device Query for services search for specific class of service, or browse for services Retrieve attributes that detail how to connect to the

service

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IP over Bluetooth V 1.0

Applications
SDP IP RFCOMM

GOALS Data
Audio L2CAP
Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop

Link Manager

computers to the Internet via LAN access points

Baseband RF

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Application profiles of Bluetooth technology

Telecommunication systems: Communication between cell phones or

between cell phone and telephone Wireless LAN: Communication between desktops, laptops and cell phones. Wireless headset: Wireless headphone for cell phones, workman and computers. Internet bridge :Network access point, for mobile internet browsing Human interface device: Wireless mouse, keyboard, game control or other input device. Interactive Conference : Exchange Business cards & data in meetings, gaming. Automatic Synchronizer : Background syncs between PC& PDA ,phone ,PC File transfer: file transfer between desktops, laptops, digital camera and digital videos.

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THANKS !

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