Grid Computing

Group Members
Mehroz Khan Mehreen Fatima Murtaza Shabbir Madiha Khan Arshial Faiz Kiran Khan Harris Khurram

Mehreen Fatima

What Grid Computing is

A computational grid is a hardware and
software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, and inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities.

How Are Grids Used?

Utility computing

E-Business
Drug discovery

High-energy physics

Life sciences

Data Mining

E-Science

Grid-like Vision
In 1969, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the chief
scientists of the original ARPA project which seeded the Internet, wrote:
"As of now, computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they grow up and become sophisticated, we will probably see the spread of "computer utilities", which, like present electric and telephone utilities, will service individual homes and offices across the country

Kiran Khan

Why the name GRID ?

Metaphor for making computer power as
easy to access as an electric power Grid..

Ability to access computing power (CPUs),

software applications and research data in a on-demand fashion.

Electrical Power Grid Analogy

Electrical power grid
Users (or electrical appliances)
get access to electricity through wall sockets with no care or consideration for where or how the electricity is actually generated.

The Grid
Users (or client applications) gain

access to computing resources (processors, storage, data, applications, and so on) as needed with little or no knowledge of where those resources are located or what the underlying technologies, hardware, operating The power grid links together system, and so on are power plants of many different "the Grid" links together kinds computing resources (PCs, workstations, servers, storage elements) and provides the mechanism needed to access them.

Origin of Grid computing

Grid computing has nearly the same
structure as of a supercomputer. Many problems of science and engineering can be solved through grid computing as lot of data can be transferred through it and also it provides a good networking security. Grid computing is best suitable for small networks having a very few resources

Murtaza Shabbir

Why Do We Need Grid Computing?

Access to additional resources Many large-scale problems cannot be
solved by a single computer Globally distributed data and resources

Who needs Grid Computing?

Not just computer scientists scientists hit the wall when faced with situations:
The amount of data they need is huge and the data is stored in different institutions. The amount of similar calculations the scientist has to do is huge. Other areas: Government Business Education Industrial design

Grid User Roles

---A Users Perspective

Enrolling and installing grid software Logging onto the grid Queries Data configuration Monitoring progress Reserving resources

Grid User Roles

---An Administrators Perspective

Planning Installation Managing enrollment of users Certificate authority Resource management Data sharing

Mehroz Khan

EXISTING SYSTEMS
Grid computing has many projects
currently running in various fields like educational, scientific and technical computing. Globus Wista Geophysics

Globus
In 1996 a project of grid computing named as
Globus came into being. Globus was made for the purpose of making Grid computing understandable for the people. The Globus was founded to solve these questions : What is the security level of grid ? what tool will be used for exchanging the information?

....
Computational scientists at Brown University are using the
Globus to simulate the flow of blood through human arteries.

Wista
WISTA has some projects related to grid
computing and for that purpose it is dealing with international organizations The real aim of WISTA is to use the grid computing for policies making of governments instead of technology related fields.

Geophysics
In the field of geophysics
the grid computing is helping the scientists to research on the satellites and also a huge amount of data currently is been downloaded and shared through it. The physicists are using grid computing as it helps them to analyze the earth in a better way.

Harris khurram

Current Issues In Grid Computing

1. The Grid versus Many Grids The original intention of Grid Computing was that it would follow the same architecture as the electricity grid Work is still being done toward creating a single Grid, it is already the case that there are many disparate grids worldwide that are all completely isolated from each other. Having many separate Grids makes issues like authentication

cont.
2. No-one wants to share One of the biggest problems facing Grid Computing is not a technological one but a social one People are not still ready to donate spare CPU cycle. A fear of viruses is no doubt a valid threat as what has been viewed as a secure system

Arshial Faiz

cont.
3. The No-Defined Problems Problem A vital step in solving problems is identifying what they actually are. With any new technology it is hard to know what the key problems to be solved for that technology to work are - there are no forums for putting problems forward to be solved and no systematic attempts by various researchers to solve them

cont.
A vocabulary has been formed of Grid
Computing terms and various components of any Grid Computing system have been spoken of, there is still inconsistency of what the different terms mean and when they are used

cont.
4. Security One of the reasons that people may not want to make their computer available on a Grid is that they do not trust other users to run code on their machines. Organizations at least partially eliminate the fear of malicious attacks. IT is possible that someone from within the organization could act in a malicious way.

cont.
With larger scale Grids it will be impossible to know and trust everyone who can access a single computer so the Grid infrastructure will have to provide guarantees of security in some way.

Madiha Khan

cont..
5. Supercomputing Power For Everyone In the past, supercomputing power has been available only to very few people - certain people in research institutions and some businesses With the creation of Grid at a fairly large cost , these issues will have to be addressed either by restricting users from being able to do such searches using even larger keys and passwords.

FUTURE OF THE GRID COMPUTING

It is expected that in this world when millions of systems will be connected to one single network then everyone will be allowed to fully use the network in the way he desires. Grid computing makes huge collection on data distribute all over the world, which provides great comfort to engineers and scientists working on different projects.

Conclusion
Grid Computing means sharing computing
resources in order to create super-computing capabilities out of desktop computers by using their idle CPU time. It has been around for several years and has reached the stage when there are tools available so that experts can create Computational Grids and use them to solve problems in many fields.

cont.
The Grid aims ultimately to turn the global
network of computers into one vast computational resource.

Projects in Physics and Astronomy,

Biological Sciences especially could benefit from Grid Computing.

Thank You!