ARCHITECTURE

Architecture

The art and science of designing and constructing buildings. Architects: specialists in designing structures.
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CAVES

EARLY ARCHITECTURE
Ancient Greek Orders (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base. The Doric style is the most plain. The Ionic design is famous for its scrolls. The Corinthian style is quite fancy.
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ENTABLATURE
The upper section of a classical building, resting on the columns and constituting the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Architrave - the lowest part of an entablature; rests immediately on the capitals of the columns. Cornice - the topmost projecting part of an entablature. Frieze - an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice
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Kazan's
Moscow, Russia Architects: POSTNIK YAKOVLEV Period: British & Mongolian empires ,16th-century Built with rocks and lime Also with thermal coat

ARCH
An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e.g. a doorway in a stonewall)

VAULT
A Vault is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof
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DOME
A dome is a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.

The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.
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A series of arches is called an arcade.

A series of columns is called a colonnade.

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Flying Buttress

The external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.
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MATERIALS
During the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

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PERGOLAS

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Chennakesava Temple

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Tanjore Temple
Tamilnadu Buid in 1010.A.D(11th century). It was built by Raja Raja Chola. Its Dravidian Architecture. It is tall about 60mtrs. Made out of bedrock, mud & limestone

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Modern Architecture
Steel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction.

Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.

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CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
Paris, France Gustavo Eiffel, Builder 1887 to 1889 Built for Worlds Fair 324 m (1,063 ft) tall Has been hit by lightning. 300workers 18,038 pieces of Puddled iron.
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The Eiffel Tower

 Agra, India 1632-1653 Ustad Ahmad Lahauri Mugal style The Tomb height is 35mts built it for ShahJahans wife to be buried. Marble and Gemstones.

Taj Mahal

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The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Pisa, Italy 1173 A.D. 183 feet tall (55.86mts). Worlds most famous tower Built out of marble Began to teeter while still under construction because of soft soil
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It is the largest church in the world. it covers an area of 23,000 m (5.7 acres) and has a capacity of over 60,000 people.

St. Peter's Basilica, Rome

Construction Of the building began under Pope Julius II in 1506 and was completed in 1615 under Pope Paul V Michelangelo, served as main architect for a while, designed the dome
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The Great Wall of China

China 7th Century B.C.E. Ordered to be built by Emperor of China , Qin Shi Huang To protect the dynasty Several Walls5,500 mil(8,852km) long.
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Egypt Built more than 4,000 years ago Architect- Khafre To protect the Pyramids and the people buried there It is 200 feet long, 66 feet high Made out of bedrock

The Sphinx

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Giza, Egypt 2600-2480 B.C. Pharaoh ordered it 4,000 men worked on it Built to bury kings Originally 481 ft. high Now 449 ft. high due to erosion

The Giza Pyramid

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Pamban Bridge
Rameshwara Tamilnadu. Built at 2.6km long Worked from 18871912 Southindian railways track It is also called Annai indra bridge Made out of bedrock, cement,iron And limestone
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Empire State Building

New York City Shreve, Lamb, Harmon- Architects Built from 1929-1931 102 floors 1,250 feet high to roof Built to be the tallest building in the world and it was for 41 years counting the spire which made it 1,472 feet tall Tallest in the world from 1931-1971
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Shanghai World Financial Center

Shanghai City , China Architects: Kohn Pedersen Built from: 1997Aug2008 103floors 494.4 m (1,622.0 ft) high to roof Built to be the 2nd tallest building in the world l Tallest in the world from 2008-2010
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Burj Khalifa
Location: Dubai , United Arab Emirates Architects: Adrian Smith Built from: Jan20044th Jan 2010 163floors Height of roof Roof828 m (2,717 ft) Top floor621.3 m (2,038 ft) Built to be the 1st tallest building in the world Tallest in the world from 2010
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Architecture is a social act and the material theater of human activity.

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