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h. Vacxin c coi l mt tin b y hc quan trng nht ca th k XX Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin Click cng ngh sinh hc khng ngng cato edit Master subtitle style con ngi tm ra c vaccine hu hiu bo v chnh mnh vi s lng nhiu, an ton v nhanh chng.
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Tn tai
CAC PHNG PHAP SAN XUT VACCINE. CNVS VI SAN XUT VACCINE TH H MI
GVHD: Trn Thanh Thuy SVTH: Nguyn Thanh Thao
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Vi nt v lch s vaccine Khi nim v vaccine Thanh phn cua vaccine c tinh c ban cua vaccine C ch hoat ng cua vaccine Phn loai vaccine
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T bao limpho :
TH:kich thich t bao B san xut nhiu KT TD:hoat hoa cac t bao khng c hiu (ai thc bao) Tc:tng tac va pha huy trc tip cac t bao co KN trn b mt Ts:iu hoa ap ng MD, c ch tac ng cua cac t bao MD(t bao B)
Tnh c hiu: Mi KN ch
c th kt hp va khp vi mt loi KT c hiu do chnh n kch thch to thnh.
Tnh c hiu KN - KT
T bao T c (TC)
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iI. S lc v vaccine
Louis Pasteur la ngi m ra ky nguyn u tranh chng cac bnh nhim trung bng vic tim chung d phong.
hanh tim chung 13 ln virus dai ly t tuy sng tho vi c tinh tng dn cho cu be 9 tui, Joseph Meister a bi cho dai cn n 14 vt thng va cu be a thoat khoi ban tay t thn.
Hin nay ,nhiu loai vaccine truyn thng a c cai tin va phat trin qui m cng nghip, phuc vu cho chng trinh tim chung m rng, lam giam c ban ti l t vong tre em i vi nhiu bnh nguy him. 1978 bnh u mua a vinh vin bi xoa bo trn pham vi toan cu va sp ti la bnh bai lit.
nh chp nm 1977, Ali Maow Maalin, ngi Somalia, c xem l bnh nhn cui cng mc bnh u ma 5/31/12
vaccine
Cht b tr vaccine 5/31/12 :L nhng cht c b sung vo vaccine, c kh nng kch thch sinh min dch khng c hiu nhm nng cao hiu lc v di min dch ca vaccine
An toan:
V trng, thun khit, khng c.
Hiu lc :
Vacxin c hiu lc ln l vacxin gy c min dch mc cao v tn ti trong mt thi gian di.
vaccine
C th
TB nh
MD ln 2
Tac nhn gy bnh thc s
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v bc v c t ) Vaccineth h II: Trong vacxin ch cha mt s thnh phn gy bnh cDa a vobhot tnh ca mm bnh mm nh
v hot bng cc yu t vt l (Nhit , tia Vaccinev hot m); ng cc t ngoi, sng siu c b b ha cht (Cc loi(keo c nhum,cc axit, trvaccine thu phn, phn formol v.v..) chua )
II.1. Phng phapsan xut vaccine Phng phap sn xut truyn thng
1.1. Qui trinh san xut vaccine truyn thng
Nui cy
To sinh khi
Lm bt hot
Vacxin vi khun cht: dung cc tc nhn dit khun nh cc ha cht (formalin, alcool, aceton), tia cc tm, siu m Vacxin t vi khun sng gim c: dng phng php cy chuyn vi khun nhiu ln trong mi trng nui cy
1.2. Cac vaccine san xut theo phng phap truyn thng (vaccine truyn thng)
a. Vaccine bt hot b. Vaccine giam c lc c. Vaccine gii c t d. Vaccine khng khng th idiotyp
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Chi mt s it vaccine c san xut do khng phai moi tac nhn gy bnh u co th c nhn thanh s lng ln u san xut vaccine.
Cn phai nui t bao ngi hoc ng vt rt tn kem san xut vaccine t virus ngi va ng vt.
Cn co bin phap an toan khi thao tac vi s lng ln tac nhn gy bnh Cac chung nhc c co th tr lai trang thai cng c. Vic bt hoat co th khng hu hiu gy lan truyn bnh bi vaccine. Thi han s dung ngn va cn iu kin bao quan lanh. 5/31/12
ct oligo T- cellulose
Tinh ch
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Bin nap E.coli Cht khang sinh Lai axit nucleic vi vic s dung mu do anh du phong xa
Muc ich:s dung b may di truyn cua t bao chu nhn ban AND tai t hp thanh mt lng ln ban sao.
Dung VK E.coli lam t bao chu: d thao tac, it tn kem lai sinh san nhanh, tao dong AND tai t hp nhanh.
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C c
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Vaccine sng gim ng lc sx bng lc bng k thut di truyn Vaccine cha KN sn xut bng phng php ti t hp Vaccine vector Vaccine ADN Vacxin da trn c th chuyn gen. Vaccine bo t
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ngi bnh "tn cng" loi protein c tn l GAD (nm trong cc t bo tuyn ty)cc t bo ny c chc nng gii phng ra insulin. Khi c tim vc-xin th h mi vo c th trit tiu qu trnh ny ngn chn vic gii phng cc khng th min dch tiu dit cc t bo c cha loi protein GAD. Ngoi ra, loi vc-xin mi ny cn c tc dng iu chnh cc hot ng ca h min dch, ngn chn n khng tn cng cc t bo nguyn vn ca cc 5/31/12
cn tinh sch, bo qun lu v d vn chuyn, phng thc a vaccine vo c th li n gin,KN c sx trong thc vt khng mang ngun bnh n cho con ngi, nhng c t trong h thng vaccine c gim thiu.
dng chuyn gen vim gan B l khoai ty (Solanum tuberosum), Bnh than,
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Gio s Tadeusz Parnowski, thuc Vin Tm thn v Thn kinh Ba Lan tng phat biu : Vc xin th h mi tr thnh nim hy vng duy nht cho nhng ngi mc cn bnh Alzheimer " .
Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra tnh trng mt tr nh ca con ngi :protein thoai hoa bi kt tua trong nao ngi.
Loi vc-xin mi, do Cng ty Elan Irlandia bo ch, khi c tim vo ngi bnh, c tc dng ngn chn mt cch hiu qu qu trnh "kt ta" ca protein beta-amyloid
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i vi vt nui:
DNA vaccine c nhng thnh cng nht nh trong vic ngn chn nhiu bnh trn ng vt a s l do virus gy ra. in hnh nh: + Bnh m trng tm do virus WSSV gy ra + Chng li thnh cng virus West Nile (WNV) trn nga (2005) + Ngn chn IHNV hoi t c quan to mu trong c hi (2005) + Bnh hoi t tuyn ty do IPNV c
5/31/12 San xut vaccine DNA cho ca
Kt lun
gip cho loi ngi thot khi nhiu i dch him ngho (u ma, bi lit; si, un vn v.v.
Tuy nhin, nhiu bnh vn cn ang thch thc con ngi, cha c
vaccine no hiu qu ngn nga:bnh do k sinh trng (st rt, giun, sn), vi khun (lao), virus (cm, st xut huyt, AIDS v.v.) Mt s l do c th l cc tc nhn gy bnh bin i thng xuyn khin cho min dch khng cn hu hiu hoc thm ch tn cng ngay vo h min dch nh trng hp ca HIV v.v
Trn Thi Thanh, Cng ngh vi sinh, NXB Giao duc GS.TS. Pham Vn Ty,TS. Vu Nguyn Thanh, Cng ngh sinh hoc (Tp 5), NXB Giao duc
Mt s trang web
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a. Vaccine bt hot
La vaccine cha cac tac nhn gy bnh a bi git cht bng hoa cht, hoc un nong. vacxin bai lit Salk (IPV) dung tim.
u im: an toan Khuyt im: -Gy p ng min dch khng hon ton v ngn hn, phai tim nhc lai nhiu ln .
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b. Vaccine giam c lc
La vaccine ch t tac nhn gy bnh a lam giam tinh c bng cac tac nhn vt ly, hoa hoc,hoc bng cac phng phap khac khng gy bnh, nhng vn con kha nng sinh san va kich thich c th tng hp khang th bao v. u im: gy c p ng min dch di hn, khng cn tim nhiu ln Khuyt im: C th gy bnh nh, c th chuyn thnh dng gy bnh,virus c th b cht, cn bo qun lnh,c th gy bnh ung th
Vaccine si
vaccine bai lit Sabin V(OPV)
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c. Vaccine gii c t
(trong trng hp chnh cc c cht ny l phng tin gy bnh ca vi sinh vt). Th d: cc vc-xin nga un vn v bch hu. Co th dung nhit hoc formaldehyt lam bin i hoa
hoc mt tinh c, nhng vn con tinh khang nguyn Cung nh vacxin cht, mun tao MD co hiu qua
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i vi idiotype, do anti-idiotype xt v mt c hiu li tng t vi khng nguyn. Vy, thay v dng khng nguyn X lm vc-xin, ngi ta dng idiotype anti-anti-X. Vd : KN:Salmonella KT :anti-Salmonella KN: anti-Salmonella KT:anti- anti-Salmonella dung anti-anti-Salmonella lam khang nguyn thi se an toan hn. 5/31/12 Antiidiotype
a.
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S.cerevisae
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Nui nm men trong ni ln men nhn KN dung cho san xut vacxin.
c. Vaccine vector
Vacxin sng tai t hp. Vaccine vector: gn gen ma hoa cho KN vao vector la t bao (salmonella, E.coli..) hoc virus (vaccinia, pox, adeno) tao KN va dung toan b tai t hp o lam vaccine.
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Tai t hp tng ng
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d. Vaccine ADN
nh mt loi vaccine bng cch a trc tip vo sinh vt . Gen ma hoa cho KN c gn vao
plasmid a trc tip vao t bao qua da nh sung bn gen cac plasmid chui vao nhn tin hanh sao chep, phin ma ri dich ma tng hp protein KN..
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T bao thc vt Cy hoan chinh Phn tich mc biu hin Phn tich kha nng sinh
f. Vaccine bo t
Bao t co cu truc c bit gm nhiu lp mang day kho thm bao boc, co
kha nng khang cao vi cac tac nhn vt ly, hoa hoc va c bit co kha nng chiu nhit (cha canxi dipicolinat). Bao t vi khun ln u tin c L.H.c va Simong M. Cutting s dung
lam vt tai vacxin. Ho tin hanh gn khang nguyn lam manh C cua c t un van TTFC (tetanus toxin fragment C) vao vo bao t Bacillus subtilis gy min dich theo ng ung va ng h hp (hit) cho chut va a tao c ap ng min dich nim mac va min dich h thng. u im cua bao t Bacillus la d nhn ln, bao quan lu dai, thao tac di
NUI CY
Trc khi nui cy kim tra cc chng VSV v tinh khit. Nui cy c thc hin trong cc ni nui cy c bit, c cc thit b kim sot n qu trnh tng trng ca vi sinh vt. Nui cy trong mi trng thch hp t c mt s lng ln sinh khi hoc sn phm ca chng VD: san xut c t un van dung mi trng Mueller va Miller at hiu gia 50-90 Lf/ml
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Mt hay nhiu phn khac nhau cua protein b mt cua virus gy bnh. 5/31/12
KN bn trong co vai tro tao KT bao v chng lai s ly nhim bnh, tao kha nng min dich tt hn, lu dai hn.
VD: Khi nghin cu ap ng min dich chng lai s ly nhim virus vim gan B.
HBcAg co tac dung ngn chn s gy nhim va phat trin cua virus vim gan B.
Protein khng cu truc gy ap ng tao khang th tao vaccine La san phm protein cua gen iu hoa trong t bao. S sao chep , nhn i cua virus cn oi hoi san phm iu hoa cua gen iu hoa . Do vy nhng KT ngn can , chng lai cac san phm iu hoa nay co th ngn can s nhn i cua virus.
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T bao chu sinh vt nhn s:thich hp cho cac gen la khi cac gen nay khng co qua trinh bin i sau dich ma.
E. coli
u im: d dang nui cy, phat trin nhanh, c im di truyn c biu hin kha ro va cac quy trinh chun, tin cy cho cac thao tac di truyn t bao E. coli a c phat trin. Khuyt im: thiu kha nng glycosylate hoa cac protein
E.coli
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D nui cy vi quy m ln thu sinh khi t bo. C kh nng thc hin cc bin i sau dch m nh ng ha, phosphoryl ha prtin c y cc hot tnh sinh hc t tng hp prtin ca bn thn nn khi a gen l tng hp prtein mi th sn phm d tinh sch. L VSV an tan, hu nh khng to ra c t. H gen khang 1.35x107 cp baze, c kch thc ln hn VK E.coli khang 3.5 ln.
T bao nui cua ng vt co vu: kiu ng hoa cua cac protein c san xut theo h thng nay tng t vi kiu ng hoa trong c th ngi.
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Vi du HBsAg cua virus vim gan B, hay hemaglutinin cua virus cum. Vacxin nay co tinh an toan nhng tinh cng hiu khng cao
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