SAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM

FOR A FOUR (4) STOREY

STEEL BUILDING USING
NSCP-5
TH
EDITION
PIMENTEL & ASSOCIATES
Presented by:
ENGR. TONY C. PIMENTEL
Engineering Consultants
INCLUDES :
1. DESIGN CONCEPTS
2. CALCULATION OF BASE SHEAR
3. PRELIMINARY SIZING USING MODIFIED ENERGY
APPROACH
4. PUSH-OVER ANALYSIS VERIFICATION OF RESULTS

ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES INC.
Continuing Professional Development
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
Given a Building Area as Follows :
60 m
4
0

m

Economy / Optimization
1. Material Optimization
2. Framing System Optimization
3. Member Design Optimization
4. Connection Optimization
General Objectives :
1. Material Optimization
Materials Allowed for Seismic Regions
(NSCP- Section 515.4.1)
1. ASTM A36 (Structural Steel)
2. ASTM A441 (High Strength Structural Manganese Vanadium Steel)
3. ASTM A500 (Gr B & C) (Cold-formed Tubing)
4. ASTM A501 ( Hot-formed Structural Tubing)
5. ASTM A572 (Gr 42 & 50)
6. ASTM A588 (High Strength Low-Alloy fy = 345 MPa (min)
7. ASTM A913 (Gr 50 or 65)
8. ASTM A283 (Gr D) Base Plates and Anchor Bolts
Ratio = Strength / Cost
Beams ASTM A36
Columns ASTM A36
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
2. Framing System - Preliminary
What to consider ?
1. Floor Framing System
2. Column Layout Sytem
3. Floor to Floor Height
4. Lateral Framing System
5. Foundation System

Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
Span (m) Depth (in) say
8.00 14.17 16
10.00 17.71 18
12.00 21.25 24
14.00 24.80 26
16.00 28.34 30
18.00 31.88 32
20.00 35.42 36
22.00 38.97 40
Preliminary Beam Sizing
dmin
Fy ( ) L [ ]
800
=
Preliminary Beam
Sizing Use 24 inches
( or 600 mm )
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
Preliminary Floor Height
inches mm
16 400 3725 3750
18 450 3775 3800
20 500 3825 3850
22 550 3875 3900
24 600 3925 4000 Use This
26 650 3975 4000
28 700 4025 4100
30 750 4075 4100
32 800 4125 4150
34 850 4175 4200
36 900 4225 4250
Beam Depth
Floor Ht (mm) Final Flr. Ht (mm) Remarks
1. Slab Thickness = 125 mm
2. Beam Depth
3. Utilities ( MEP) = 500 mm
4. Ceiling Height = 2700 mm
Use Floor Height
= 4000 mm
1
2
3
4
F
l
o
o
r

H
e
i
g
h
t

Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
Preliminary Column Layout
What to consider ?
1. Practical Span Square
2 . Cost of Columns
3. Column Section
4. Vibrations
W (m) L (m) L / W
48 60 Ratio
1 3.00 16.00 20.00 1.25
2 4.00 12.00 15.00 1.25
3 5.00 9.60 12.00 1.25
4 6.00 8.00 10.00 1.25
5 7.00 6.86 8.57 1.25
6 8.00 6.00 7.50 1.25
7 9.00 5.33 6.67 1.25
8 10.00 4.80 6.00 1.25
9 11.00 4.36 5.45 1.25
No No. Bays
Therefore :
Use 12.0m x 12.0m Column
Layout
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
Determine No. of Bays
Floor Area 30984 ft2
No Bays Rho Remarks Comments
4.00 1.64 NG ! > 1.25
6.00 1.45 NG ! > 1.25
8.00 1.27 NG ! > 1.25
10.00 1.09 OK Optimum Rho ~ 1.0
12.00 0.91 OK Practical use Rho = 1.0
14.00 0.73 OK
16.00 0.55 OK
18.00 0.36 OK
20.00 0.18 OK
22.00 0.00 OK

2 20 NoBays ( ) [ ]
1.25 GrndFlrArea
( )

(
(

=
Therefore :
Use 12-Bays each
Direction (X & Y)
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Design Concepts
A
B C D E F
1
2
3
4
5
12 12 12 12 12
1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

Proposed Structural Layout
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Proposed Structural Layout
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
No Structural Elements Slab Beam Column Seismic
1
1 1/2" Topping Cover on 5
Ply H20 Proofing
Membrane on 1" Thk
Topping
28 28 28 28
2 5" thk Conc. Slab 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5
3 MEP Utilities 15 15 15 15
4
Acoustic Ceiling on T-
Runners
3 3 3 3
5 Beam Weight - 6 6 6
6 Column Weight - - 3 3
108.5 114.5 117.5 117.5
Total Roof Dead Load 110 115 118 118
Roof Dead Load
No Structural Elements Slab Beam Column Seismic
1
3/4 " Thk Ceramic Tiles on
1 1/2" Thk Mortar
23 23 23 23
2 5" thk Conc. Slab 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5
3 Movable Partition 20 20 20 10
4 MEP Utilities 15 15 15 15
5
Acoustic Ceiling on T-
Runners
3 3 3 3
6 Beam Weight - 6 6 6
7 Column Weight - - 3 3
123.5 129.5 132.5 122.5
Total Roof Dead Load 125 130 135 125
Typical Dead Load
Regular Structure
= 0.90 W
Effective Mass
Seismic
Dead Load
Computation
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Roof Deck LLr = 80 psf
Typical Floor Area = 80 psf ( Code Minimum = 50 psf Office)
Slab Beam Girder
No Reduction 80
AI = 12 x 6 = 72 m2 (or 775 ft2) 63.2 psf 50.4 psf
RF = (0.25 + 15/ sqrt(775)) say 65 say 55
RF = 0.79 (79%)
AI = 12 x 12 = 144m2 (or 1549.21 ft2)
RF = 0.63 (63%)
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Level DL LL TA AI RF RF DL+LL SUM DL+LL
Roof Deck 118 80 1549.21 6196.8 0.44 0.5 245 245
4th 135 80 1549.21 12393.6 0.38 0.5 271 516
3rd 135 80 1549.21 18590.4 0.36 0.5 271 787
2nd 135 80 1549.21 24787.2 0.35 0.5 271 1058
COLUMN - INTERIOR
Level DL LL TA AI RF RF DL+LL SUM DL+LL
Roof Deck 118 80 775 3098.42 0.52 0.52 124 124
4th 135 80 775 6196.8 0.44 0.5 136 260
3rd 135 80 775 9295.3 0.41 0.5 136 396
2nd 135 80 775 12393.6 0.38 0.5 136 532
COLUMN - EDGE
Level DL LL TA AI RF RF DL+LL SUM DL+LL
Roof Deck 118 80 387 1549.2 0.63 0.63 65 65
4th 135 80 387 3098.4 0.52 0.52 69 134
3rd 135 80 387 4647.6 0.47 0.5 68 202
2nd 135 80 387 6196.8 0.44 0.5 68 270
COLUMN - CORNER
Live Load
Computation
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculation of Base Shear
1. Location of Site to Nearest Fault [ NSCP Fig. 208.1] Cebu Lineament > 15 km
2. Seismic Source Type = B > 10 km and >15 km [ NSCP Table 208.3 ]
3. Zone Factor = 0.40
4. Soil Profile = Soft Soil Profile < 15 blow/foot SPT = 10 [NSCP-Table 208.2]
5. Near Source Factor Acceleration Na = 1.0 [NSCP Table 208-7 & 8]
Velocity Nv = 1.0
6. Seismic Coefficient Acceleration Ca = 0.36 Na = 0.36 (1.0) = 0.36
Velocity Cv = 0.36
There are 2 Base Shear used in design practice
2. Base Shear due to Drift Requirements
1. Base Shear due to Strength Requirements
Base Shear Parameters
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Choosing The Lateral Resisting
System
Three (3) Accepted Steel Framing System
Moment Resisting Space Frame R = 8.5
Eccentric Braced Frame R = 7.0
Concentric Braced Frame R = 6.4
Choose Moment Resisting
Space Frame
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculation of Base Shear
1. Base Shear due to Strength Requirements
This Base shear is used for final design. The minimum base shear
coefficient is set to 3% of the Effective Seismic Weight
Strength Requirements
Total Height from base ( hn ) = 4.0 x 4 = 16.0m
Period Calculation Method A [NSCP Eq. 208-9]
Ct = 0.853 (Special Moment Resisting Space Frame)
TA = 0.682 secs

T
A
Ct h
n
( )
3
4
|

\
|
|
.
=
V
1
C
v
I
( )
RT ( )

(
(

W :=
Velocity
V1 = 0.166 W
V
2
2.5 Ca I ( )
R

(
(

W :=
Acceleration
V2 = 0.106 W
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Minimum Base Shear
V
4
0.11 ( ) Ca ( ) I ( ) [ ] W :=
V4 = 0.0396 W
V3 = 0.03765 W
V
3
0.8 ( ) Z ( ) Nv ( ) I ( ) [ ]
R

(
(

W :=
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
1. Base Shear due to Drift Requirements
Calculation of Base Shear
Using a simplified period calculation ( METHOD B) by Teal 1975 &
Method by Baker 1997
The Fundamental period can be estimated using a Rayleigh Formula
T
B
0.25 ( )
A
R
( )
Cs

(
(

=
Where : R = Allowable roof deflection
Cs = V / W base Shear Coefficient
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculating R = Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement
[NSCP 208.5.9]
AM 0.7 ( ) R ( ) As [ ] :=
As
0.02 ( ) H ( ) [ ]
0.7 ( ) R ( )
:=
Calculating CS
Cs
Cv ( ) I ( ) [ ]
R ( ) T ( )

(
(

( )
1.05 ( ) :=
s = 60.95 mm or (2.4 inches)
s = Elastic Deformation
M allow = 0.02 H
= reliability index 1.0
Accidental Torsion
Cs = 0.1344 / T
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Substituting :
TB 0.25 ( )
2.4 ( )
0.1344 ( )
T

(
(

= TB = 1.054 / T
TB = 1.026 secs ( ETABS OUTPUT TB = 0.98 secs )
V
1
C
v
I
( )
RT ( )

(
(

W :=
Velocity
V1 = 0.125 W
V
2
2.5 Ca I ( )
R

(
(

W :=
Acceleration
V2 = 0.120 W
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculation of Seismic Weight
Roof = Wseis x A roof = 0.118 ksf (30.984) = 3656 kips
Typical = Wseis x A typ = 0.125 ksf (30.984) = 3873 kips
Total Bldg Weight = 3656 kips + 3 (3873 kips) = 15275 kips
Vdes = 0.120 W = 0.120 (15275 kips) = 1833 kips
(Ultimate)
For X- Direction per Frame = 1833 / 2 = 916.5 kips
say 917 kips
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Distribute Lateral Forces
V ult 917
Level h (ft) Wt/ Flr (k) W x h % F Fx ult Fx ser
Roof 52.48 3656 191866.9 0.386245 354.1865 252.9903
4th 39.36 3873 152441.3 0.306878 281.4068 201.0048
3rd 26.24 3873 101627.5 0.204585 187.6045 134.0032
2nd 13.12 3873 50813.76 0.102293 93.80226 67.00161
Total 15275 496749.4 1.000000 917 655
Base Shear
253 k
201 k
134 k
67 k
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Modified Energy Method
External Force = Internal Force
Lateral Forces
Column -Beam Connections
Yielding
1
n
i
Fi ( ) hi ( ) [ ]

= 1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
1
ns
k 1
nb
j
2 ( ) My b , j , k , [ ] E |
( )

(
(
(

(
(
(

=
1
n
i
Fi ( ) hi ( ) [ ]

= 1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
1
ns
k 1
nb
j
2 ( ) My b , j , k , [ ] E |
( )

(
(
(

(
(
(

=
Lateral
Forces
Column Beam
By Leelataviwat (2002)
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Modified Energy Method
Desired Yield Mechanism
Strong Column Weak Beam (SCWB)
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Beam Distribution Factor
253 kips
454 kips
588 kips
655 kips
Story Shears
|
V
i
( )
V
rf
( )

(
(

1
2
|

\
|
|
.
:=
1.000
1.340
1.524
1.610
n
|

5.474
Optimization of Beam Forces Along Height of
Building
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculate :
1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
Case 1
NC1 = 2 X 5
Case 2
NC2 = 2 X 7
Mc1
1
n
i
V
i

=
|

\
|
|
|
.
h ( )

(
(
(

2 ( ) NC1 ( )
=
MC1
454 ( ) 4 3.28 ( ) [ ]
2 5 ( )
:=
MC2
655 ( ) 4 3.28 ( ) [ ]
2 7 ( )
:=
MC1 = 596 FT-KIPS MC2 = 614 FT-KIPS
1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
= 614 X 7 = 4298 FT-KIPS
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Calculate Roof Beam Moments :
Mc1
1
n
i
V
i

=
|

\
|
|
|
.
h ( )

(
(
(

2 ( ) Nc ( )
=
Myrf
1
n
i
Fi ( ) hi ( )

(
(
(

1
n
i
Myci

=
1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.

(
(
(

2 Nbeams ( )
n
|

\
|
|
.

(
(

:=
1
n
i
F
i
( ) h
i
( )

=
Level
No Yield
Beam
Myb

Roof 2 4 1.000 8.000
4th 2 4 1.340 10.720
3rd 2 6 1.524 18.288
2nd 2 6 1.610 19.320
TOTAL 56.328
2 Nb ( )
n
|

\
|
|
.

(
(

1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
= 614 X 7 = 4298 FT-KIPS
Myroof = ( 25584 4298 ) / 56.33 = 378 ft-
kips / roof beam
Level h (ft) Fi (kips) Fi x h
Roof 52.48 253 13277.440
4th 39.36 201 7911.360
3rd 26.24 134 3516.160
2nd 13.12 67 879.040
TOTAL 25584.000
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Beam Moments Design :
Level -BDF
M E Q M g r a v M o t S x R e q d A I S C S e c t i o n S x A c t u a l
Roof 1.000 378.000 83.000 461.000 232.828 W 27 X 94 243.000
4th 1.340 506.520 95.000 601.520 303.798 W 30 X 116 329.000
3rd 1.524 576.072 95.000 671.072 338.925 W 33 X 118 359.000
2nd 1.610 608.580 95.000 703.580 355.343 W 33 X 118 359.000
S
xx
Mtot ( ) 12

0.66 ( ) Fy
:=
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Column Moments Design :
Level Sxact Mcap No Beams Mcaptotal
Roof 243 481.14 4.00 1924.56
4th 329 651.42 4.00 2605.68
3rd 359 710.82 6.00 4264.92
2nd 359 710.82 6.00 4264.92
Total 13060.08
1
n
i
Fi ( ) hi ( ) [ ]

= 1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
1
ns
k 1
nb
j
2 ( ) My b , j , k , [ ] E |
( )

(
(
(

(
(
(

=
1
n
i
Fi ( ) hi ( ) [ ]

= 1
nc
i
Myc

=
i1 ,
|

\
|
|
|
.
1
ns
k 1
nb
j
2 ( ) My b , j , k , [ ] E |
( )

(
(
(

(
(
(

=
Lateral
Forces
Column Beam
Level Coeff F hi Fi x hi
Roof 0.386 F 52.48 20.26 F
4th 0.307 F 39.36 12.08 F
3rd 0.205 F 26.24 5.38 F
2nd 0.102 F 13.12 1.34 F
Total 39.06 F
39.06 F = 4298 + 13060
Adjust Lateral Forces
F = 445 kips
Reduced Lateral Forces
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Column Moments Design :
Reduced Lateral Forces
0.386 * 445 = 172 k
0.307 * 445 = 137 k
0.205 * 445 = 91 k
0.102 * 445 = 45 k
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Column Moments Design :
172 k
137 k
91 k
45 k
MrfTot = 1924 ft-kips
M4Tot = 2608 ft-kips
M3Tot = 4266 ft-kips
M2Tot = 4266 ft-kips
2275 ft-kip
1924 ft-kip
-333 ft-kip
-1780 ft-kip
2487 ft-kip
-2762 ft-kip
1504 ft-kip
- 4336 ft-kip
H

=

4
m

(
1
3
.
1
2

f
t
)

Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Preliminary Sizing
Column Moments Design :
Peff = Po + Mx (m)
m = 1.7 for W 14
Po up = 142 k / col
Po dn = 290 k / col
Peff = 142 + (2487 /5) (1.7) = 988 ft-kip
Peff = 290 + (4336 /7) (1.7) = 988 ft-kip
W 14 x 176 Upper
W 14 x 257 Lower
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Capacity Member Ratios:
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Story Drift
Story Drift Allowable = 2.4 inches
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Push Over Analysis
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Push Over Analysis
(4400 kN,90mm)
(5400 kN,130mm)
(5700 kN,300mm)
(5400 kN,460mm)
Beam Gr. 36
Column Gr. 36
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Push Over Analysis
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
0
0.08
0.16
0.24
0.32
0.4
0.48
0.56
0.64
0.72
0.8
Response Spect rum
Period (T)
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l

A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Sa5%
i
SaEQ1
i
SaEQ2
i
Push1Sa
j
Push2Sa
j
T
i
T
i
, T
i
, Push1T
j
, Push2T
j
,
Additional
Capacity
Beam Gr 36 / Column Gr 36
Beam Gr 36 / Column Gr 50
5% Damping
7% Damping
3% Damping
Design of a Four (4) Storey Steel Building
Verification of Results
Summary :
1.Preliminary Analysis Using Modified
Energy Method
2.Verification of Section Capacities
STAAD Pro 2003 , ETABS 8, etc
3.Final Verification Using Push Over
Analysis for Performance Based
Engineering
THANK YOU VERY MUCH !!!
ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES INC.
Continuing Professional Development
PIMENTEL & ASSOCIATES
Presented by:
ENGR. TONY C. PIMENTEL
Engineering Consultants