Role of Different Stakeholders in Disaster Management

A Presentation By Nadaf H R Jai Gurudev College of Social Work, Bijapur Email-nadafhr@gmail.com Cell No-9901917127 Dt-07/04/2012

Introduction
Disaster management is a comparatively new area of social concern and practice. However, it is very relevant concern for development co-operation given that natural disasters have devastated an increasing number of regions, destroyed investments and set back progress in development. The world is becoming increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters. From earthquakes to floods and famines, mankind is even more threatened by the forces of nature.

Introduction
Nearly three million people worldwide may have been killed in past 20 years due to natural disasters such as landslides, earthquakes, floods,snow avalanches, cyclones etc.Ninety percent of the natural disasters and ninety five percent of the total disaster related deaths worldwide occur in developing countries in which India has the second largest share. Prevention is better than cure, is an old saying which is very apt in the context of disaster management and

A)Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disaster is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental,socioeconomic,political and cultural state of the affected area. Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas1)It completely disrupts the normal day-to-day life. 2)It negatively influences the emergency systems. 3Normal needs and processes like food,shelter,health,etc are affected & deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster. B)WHO defines disaster as any occurrence that causes

Definition

Main Features
A disaster may have the following main features: 1.Unpredictability 2.Unfamiliarity 3.Speed 4.Urgency 5.Uncertainty 6.Threat

Types
types:

of disasters

Generally, disaster are of two

1.Natural
2.Manmade
Based on the devastation, these are further classified into major/minor natural and manmade disasters. Some of the disasters are listed below:

Types

of disasters

A) Major Natural disasters Earthquake , Draught, Flood, Cyclone Landslides, Tsunami B) Minor Natural disastersCold wave Thunderstorms Heat waves Mud slides Storm

C)

Cont Major Manmade disasterSetting of fires Epidemic Deforestation Pollution due to prawn cultivation Chemical pollution Wars D) Minor Manmade disasters Road/train accidents, riots Food poisoning Industrial disaster/crisis Environmental pollution

Social Effects of natural disasters Natural disaster affect people first & foremost. Even if a disaster does not kill anyone, emotional & physical effects of the population still harm people well after the actual disaster. Some survivors will likely suffer permanent physical disabilities & psychological conditions, such as post-traumatic stress syndrome. Workers who suffer from psychological conditions & disabilities not be as productive as they were

Four phases of activity

The disaster management phases illustrated here do not always, or even generally, occurs in isolation or in this precise order. Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of each phase greatly depends on the severity of the disaster.

1 Mitigation: minimizing the effects of disaster. Ex-vulnerability analyses, public education. 2 Preparedness: planning how to respond. Ex-preparedness plans, emergency training. 3 Response: efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Ex-search and rescue, emergency relief.

The roles and services of Different Stakeholders The Indian Sub continent is highly prone to natural disasters. For sustainable reduction Government of India(GOI)with support from United Nations development Program(UNDP)has started the Disaster Risk Management Program in 169 most vulnerable districts in 17 states of India. The program essentially aims at strengthening community local selfgovernments and district administrations, response, preparedness and mitigation measures. The different stakeholders in

The roles and services of Different Stakeholders

1)Role of Government agencies

a) Central Government (Policy)
Short term measures (Resource mobilization, Facilitation Special inputs) Long term measures (Monitoring, preparedness and preventive measures, international assistance, development initiatives) 2)State Government (Strategies and Planning) Resource mobilization Co-ordination Preparedness

The roles and services of Different Stakeholders

District Administration (Implementation and Coordination) Immediate response Military assistance Epidemics management Coordinating outside relief Special relief Administration relief

The roles and services of Different Stakeholders

District Administration (Implementation and Coordination) Medical care Salvage Disposal of dead bodies Information Training to local artisans and supervision in proper technologies

The roles and services of Different Stakeholders

District Administration (Implementation and Coordination)

Technical advise for disaster resistance, construction and repair through pamphlet, vernacular languages Establishment of building with cost effective Construction of demonstration unit Prepare by laws through necessary legislation

Role of Panchayat Raj Institutions in Disaster Management Program

People participation in disaster management Channels for NGOs Preparedness Emergency Mitigation Storage of needy things Communication with different Stake holders like Dist Admn, State & Central Govt

The roles and services of voluntary organizations

Voluntary organizations provide a myriad of essential services to disaster -affected individuals, families and communities throughout mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery 1.Advocacy-agencies may also act as advocates for change by representing the needs of the community to local and state government. 2.Bulk distribution-some agencies purchase and distribute basic commodities in bulk, these supply usually cannot be purchased locally because stores and other merchandising outlets are closed due to the disaster. 3.Childcare-some agencies establish and professionally staff temporary childcare center's for victims of disaster. 4.Community disaster education-some agencies are involved in community disaster education. ex-they distribute pamphlets, give presentations, arrange

Cont.. 5.Counselling-agencies provide individual and family counseling and support. 6.Disaster Planning-some voluntary agencies work with communities before disaster occur to help them take steps to minimize the effects of disaster. 7.Elder care-some agencies provide a variety of support services such as transportation, advocacy, casework, counselling and entertainment to the elderly population. 8.Emergency assistance-some agencies provide emergency assistance immediately following a disaster including food, clothing, shelter, first aid, medical care etc. 9.Funeral services

10.Healthcare 11.International services 12.Mitigation Planning-mitigation planning is a relatively new role for voluntary agencies. 13.Special needs-some agencies assist in identifying populations that have special needs i.e. disabled, orphaned, elderly etc. and meeting those needs. 14.Volunteer assistance-some agencies provide trained volunteers to support response and recovery activities and co-ordinate spontaneous, unaffiliated volunteers. 15. Prepare a profile of the community and its neighborhood in case of natural disasters 16. Right assessment of risk vulnerability

17. Identification of individuals and community resources 18. Identification of lack in knowledge or resources that will impede effective emergency response 19. Periodical mock drills to test the plan and update it are of paramount importance 20. People participation 21. Education and awareness building

Local Groups
Identify risks and consequences risk assessment Risk assessment variables are; hazard intensity and vulnerability Identify vulnerable disasters Vulnerability can be reduced by preparing people and by preparing shelters and infrastructure Prepare audio-visual films to show in different set up school, college etc.

Health and Medical Care

Medical First Responders Medical Assistant Team Mobile hospitals Hospital preparedness for mass causalities Search and Rescue units Epidemic prevention Trauma counseling

Communications and Media

Awareness and dissemination Emergency communication Link scientists disaster mitigation officials and public Educate people Check approaching hazards Alert authorities Warn the people most likely to be affected Assess damage Collect information, supplies and other resources Coordinate rescue and relief activities Account for missing people

Educational Institutions
Assisting GO and NGO in disaster relief Involvement of NSS/NCC/Scouts/Guides students Involvement of MSW students Developing curriculum and awareness building Offering degree in disaster management

Police and Para-Military forces

Reaching the site of disaster to carryout relief & rescue operations Coordination with other agencies Security and law and order at disaster locations Prevent cognizable offenses Transmission communication system Medical assistance and supplies Evacuation Serial search Food supply Debris clearance Insect and rodent control

The CSR 2002 survey, India found that a majority of the respondents did not regard social responsibility as the exclusive domain of government and passive philanthropy alone no longer constitutes CSR. Proactive participation by the corporate sector in disaster preparedness and mitigation has in recent years become an inalienable aspect of CSR.

Disaster management as a component of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)

Social Workers
Guide: Guiding others in systematic way and impart training in disaster management Informer: Giving adequate data and information regarding relief measures and Work to diverting minds from illegal bases so as to stop rumors which destroy mental peace Facilitator: Help children (weaker section) during and after as they always worst hit Advocacy: Advocating with Dist Admn, Govt authorities, funding Agencies, Technical Consultancies. Net worker: Build Professional associations and should involve network

Social Workers
Counselor: Counselling the affecters and survivors. Coordinator: Coordinate with different Stake Holders Motivator: Motivate people to mitigate, recovery and prepared to disaster Educator: Educate people on the various issues of Disaster Negotiator: Negotiate between different Stake Holders and service provider Service Provider: Providing the needy service to the affected community ( Social services) Community Organizers: Organizing the community to face, rescue and safeguard them.

Social workers Approach

Goal-to help rebuild dignified living for victims Strategies-community building to foster social cohesion and mutual help Approach- grassroots participation-sense of ownership to ideas and agreed schedule of resettlement. Adopt a community organization approach in mobilizing mutual help and mutual watch among the misplaced population. Give them goals and targets, eg-forming food teams, cleansing teams, etc. Psychological support to Affected people & survivors Initial Phase-Social worker can help to calm people

THANK YOU

JAI HIND