Old paper question of design 200Kw earth system

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Please use the information given in the following slides and go to slide 7 for solution

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Selection of earth system

S. N. 1 Installation/Curre nt Capacity Household earthing/ 3kA ER value require d ohms 8 Soil type/ Resistivity Earth System 50 Single electrode Single electrode Multiple electrodes Single electrode Multiple electrodes Multiple electrodes
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Normal soil/ ohm-mtr.

upto

Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr. 2 Commercial premises, office buildings/ 5kA 2 ohms Normal soil/ ohm-mtr. upto 50

Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr.

Transformers, sub-station earthing, LT line equipment/ 15kA

1-2 ohms

Normal soil/ upto 50 ohm-mtr. Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr.

Single electrode Multiple electrodes Multiple electrodes

Transformers, sub-station earthing, HT line equipment/ 40kA

Less than 1 ohm

Normal soil/ upto 50 ohm-mtr.

Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr.

Single electrode
Multiple electrodes Multiple electrodes
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Lighting arresters, extra high current applications etc./ 50kA

Less than 1 ohm

Normal soil/ upto 50 ohm-mtr. Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr.

Single electrode Multiple electrodes Multiple electrodes Single electrode Multiple electrodes Multiple electrodes

PRS, UTS, RTUs, FOIS, COIS, ATMs and data processing centers etc./ 5kA

Less than 0.5 ohm

Normal soil/ upto 50 ohm-mtr. Sandy soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm-mtr. Rocky soil/ more than 2000 ohm-mtr.

Single/multiple electrode in above earth system shall be either rod earth electrode or concentric pipe earth electrode 6/11/2012 6

Solution
Total connected Load =200kw Assuming 0.98 power factor and 1.25 of overload

and future demand compute required rating of transformer Transformer rating = (200/(0.98))*1.25 = 255.10 KVA Choose nearest standard rating Transformer and in our case it is 250 KVA Assuming percentage impedance of transformer as 8% compute short circuit current SC current = (250*1000)/ (3*415*0.08) =4347.5 A 6/11/2012 Choosing nearest Value as 5KA (nearest current

Contd.
Find out the required value of earth resistance

from the table given in page 4 In our case it is 5KA and assume appropriate soil type Our earth system combined earth resistance is 2 Assuming type of soil as Normal the earth resistivity is 50 -m(assumed higher value or worst case earth resistivity for normal soil) Type of earth system chosen is Pipe earthing ( in Railways Pipe earthing is used). General dimensions of pipe electrode are 50 mm diameter and length is 3m. 6/11/2012

Contd.
Compute the resistance of each individual

electrode using the formula given in slide number 3. R = 100*50*ln(4*300/5)*(2*pi*300) =14.53 Now combined earth resistance is 2 and resistance of each electrode is 14.53 so find number of earth pits required in parallel Number of earth pits (n) = 14.53/2 = 7.265 = 8(say) So the final system design is We need pipe earthing system with 8 6/11/2012 independent earth pits.

Short notes on LC Gate electrification

In Electrified Sections
2 ATs + Local supply for interlocked gates. Automatic changeover arrangement from AT1 to AT2 to Local supply. One main distribution board( MDB)

In non Electrified Sections Local supply + Solar Lighting Loads 32 MDB 2 light points in gate lodge One fan point Extra sockets - 2 Energy meter for local supply One T5 light inside the Gate lodge and two T5 street lights on either side of the boom for approach lighting All individual switch controls Two Earth pits

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