Chöông 10: Heä Thoáng File

Chng 10: He Thong File
10.B Hien thc he thong file va th muc Cac phng phap quan ly khong gian trong Sao lu va phuc hoi
Khoa Khoa Hoc & Ky Thuat May Tnh ai Hoc Bach Khoa TP HCM
10.B.1
S o bo tr (layout) he thong file (1)
Partition control block
i-nodes FCBs
10.B.2
S o bo tr (layout) he thong file (2)
Partition control block:

lu so lng block trong partition, kch thc block, so lng free block hien thi va cac con tro ch en chung, lu so lng free FCB hien thi va cac con tro ch en chung, V du, UNIX File System: superblock
File control block (FCB): moi file c quan ly thong qua FCB cua no
lu cac thong tin ve file , ke ca cac con tro ch en cac data block cua no V du, UNIX File System: i-node
10.B.3
VFSVirtual File System

ng dung : goi ham/thu tuc VFS open, read, write, opendir,
ext2 file system
FAT file system
NFS file system
disk partition
disk partition
10.B.4
Hien thc file
Cap phat khong gian lu tr cho file/directory, muc tieu:

s dung khong gian a hu hieu truy cap file nhanh
Cac phng phap cap phat pho bien

Cap phat lien tuc (contiguous allocation) Cap phat theo danh sach lien ket (linked list allocation) Cap phat dung ch muc (indexed allocation)
10.B.5
Cap phat lien tuc
Seek time? Di chuyen au oc? Co the truy xuat ngau nhien mot block cua file: block nr = start + block offset Phan manh ngoai Van e khi tao file mi va khi can them block cho file ng dung: ISO-9660 (CDROM)
10.B.6
Cap phat theo danh sach lien ket (1)

pointer -1
data layout cua block
-1
10.B.7
Cap phat theo danh sach lien ket (2)
u iem
De dang them block cho file khi can Quan ly khong gian trong bang danh sach Khong co phan manh ngoai
Nhc iem
Ch truy xuat hieu qua oi vi sequential-access file Ton khong gian lu tr cac con tro o tin cay: pointer trong block co the b hong Phan manh noi khi n v cap phat la cluster (mot hang so cac block)
Khoa Khoa Hoc & Ky Thuat May Tnh ai Hoc Bach Khoa TP HCM 10.B.8
Bien the cua cap phat theo danh sach lien ket: FAT
FAT
FAT (File Allocation Table)

Moi block a c tng trng bi mot entry trong FAT Block vi block nr i c tng trng bi entry vi ch so (index) i Entry cha block nr ke tiep trong file, neu file gom nhieu block
number of disk blocks - 1
10.B.9
Cap phat dung ch muc (1)
Bang index (index block)

cha a ch cac block cua file th t cac a ch tren trong bang cung la th t cac block trong file
10.B.10
Cap phat dung ch muc (2)

u iem
Random va sequential access Khong co phan manh ngoai
Khuyet iem
Ton khong gian lu tr bang index khi file co kch thc ch vai block
Van e: kch thc index block bao nhieu la phu hp?

Giai quyet: multilevel index
10.B.11
i-node
i-node
UNIX v7 i-node: 13 pointers Linux ext2 i-node: 15 pointers

10.B.12
Hien thc th muc
Th muc c dung e cha bang anh xa t ten file (chuoi ky t ASCII) en thong tin can thiet e nh v cac block d lieu cua file To chc th muc
Danh sach tuyen tnh (array hay linear list), bang bam,
MS-DOS
first block nr
UNIX, Linux
10.B.13
FAT
V du
10.B.14
He thong file FAT
FAT dung e ch bang FAT va cung dung e ch he thong file Layout cua mot partition cha he thong file FAT
Boot sector
FAT
Root directory
Data blocks
10.B.15
Hien thc ten file dai
Giai quyet van e ten file dai (Win98, 2000, XP, *NIX,...)
(a) In-line (b) Heap
10.B.16
i-node (1)
V du
10.B.17
i-nodes (2)
Layout cua mot partition cha he thong file UNIX
10.B.18
i-node: chia se file (1)
10.B.19
i-node: chia se file (2)
10.B.20
Duyet path name e lay block nr cua file
V du: Xac nh cac block d lieu cua file /a/b/c
10.B.21
Quan ly khong gian trong
Cac phng phap Bit vector (bit map) Linked list Grouping Counting
10.B.22
Phng phap bit vector (bit map)

0 1 2 n-1

bit[ i ] = 0 block i con trong 1 block i a c cap
n gian va hieu qua khi can tm khoi trong au tien hoac chuoi khoi trong lien tuc
Thao tac tren bit
Can khong gian lu tr. V du

Kch thc block = 212 bytes Kch thc a = 230 bytes n = 230/212 = 218 bit (32KB)
V du: bit vector 00111100
block 0, 1 trong
block 2, 3, 4, 5 a c cap block 6, 7 trong
10.B.23
Phng phap dung linked list
Phng phap
Lien ket cac khoi trong vi nhau Ch can gi con tro en khoi nh trong au tien tren a hoac cache trong bo nh chnh e tang toc
t lang ph khong gian a Do biet khoang khong gian trong lien tuc? Khong hieu qua: trong trng hp xau nhat phai duyet toan bo a e tm khong gian trong lien tuc
Grouping va counting (1)
Phng phap grouping

a ch cua n khoi trong c lu trong khoi nh au tien. Khoi nh th n cha a ch cua n khoi nh trong ke tiep.
Phng phap counting

To chc bang ch muc, trong o moi phan t cua bang cha a ch tren a cua khoi trong au tien trong nhom khoi trong lien tuc kem theo mot so em (cho biet so khoi trong trong nhom). Co the cap phat hoac thu hoi ong thi nhieu khoi nh lien tuc
10.B.25
Grouping va counting (2)

V du
Grouping Block 2 3, 4, 5 Block 5 8, 9, 10 Block 10 11, 12, 13 Block 13 17, 28, 25 Block 25 26, 27
Counting 2 4 8 6 17 2 25 3
10.B.26
Open file structures
Thuoc tnh toan cuc (global attributes)

Disk location, size Times Buffers Open count Lock(s)
Thuoc tnh rieng cua process

File pointer Access permissions
P1
P2 System open file table P3
10.B.27
UNIX: open file structure

swappable file descriptor open file table resident file structure table User space in-core i-nodes Kernel space
r/w
data blocks
i-nodes
10.B.28
Sao lu va phuc hoi d lieu
Kiem tra s nhat quan d lieu (consistency checker) so sanh d lieu trong cau truc th muc vi cac khoi d lieu tren a va sa cha cac loi khong nhat quan d lieu gia hai ben. Dung chng trnh he thong e sao lu (backup) d lieu t a sang cac thiet b lu tr phu khac nh a mem, a quang, bang t,... va phuc hoi d lieu b mat t ban sao lu.
10.B.29
Cac kieu sao lu d lieu
Normal
Day 3
Incremental
Day 3
Day 2
Day 2
Copied
Day 1
Data
Data
Day 1
Differential
Day 3
Day 2
Copied
Data
Day 1
10.B.30
Journaling file system
Journaling file system

Ghi nhan cac lan cap nhat tren file system thanh cac giao tac (transaction) Moi transaction eu phai c ghi nhan trong log file Mot transaction c xem la hoan tat (commit) a c ghi nhan ay u trong log file (luc nay, file system co the cha c cap nhat) Khi file system c cap nhat vi ay u moi tac vu trong transaction th transaction se c xoa i trong log file. Neu file system b hong he ieu hanh da vao cac transaction trong log file e sa cha
Tham khao them Linux-ext3, JFS, NTFS
10.B.31
Phu luc
MS-DOS File System (1)
MS-DOS directory entry
10.B.33
MS-DOS File System (2)
Maximum partition for different block sizes The empty boxes represent forbidden combinations
Windows 98 File System (1)
Bytes
Extended MOS-DOS directory entry used in Windows 98
10.B.35
Windows 98 File System (2)
Bytes
Checksum
An entry for (part of) a long file name in Windows 98
10.B.36
The Windows 98 File System (3)
An example of how a long name is stored in Windows 98
10.B.37
UNIX V7 File System (1)
i-node number
A UNIX V7 directory entry


i-node
A UNIX i-node
The steps in looking up /usr/ast/mbox


Chöông 10: Heä Thoáng File

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chöông 10: Heä Thoáng File

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chng 10: He Thong File

S o bo tr (layout) he thong file (1)

Partition control block

S o bo tr (layout) he thong file (2)

Partition control block:

VFSVirtual File System

ext2 file system

FAT file system

NFS file system

Hien thc file

Cap phat khong gian lu tr cho file/directory, muc tieu:

Cac phng phap cap phat pho bien

Cap phat lien tuc

Cap phat theo danh sach lien ket (1)

data layout cua block

Cap phat theo danh sach lien ket (2)

FAT (File Allocation Table)

number of disk blocks - 1

Cap phat dung ch muc (1)

Bang index (index block)

Cap phat dung ch muc (2)

Van e: kch thc index block bao nhieu la phu hp?

UNIX v7 i-node: 13 pointers Linux ext2 i-node: 15 pointers

Hien thc th muc

He thong file FAT

Hien thc ten file dai

Layout cua mot partition cha he thong file UNIX

i-node: chia se file (1)

i-node: chia se file (2)

Duyet path name e lay block nr cua file

V du: Xac nh cac block d lieu cua file /a/b/c

Quan ly khong gian trong

Phng phap bit vector (bit map)

Can khong gian lu tr. V du

V du: bit vector 00111100

Phng phap dung linked list

Grouping va counting (1)

Phng phap grouping

Phng phap counting

Grouping va counting (2)

Open file structures

Thuoc tnh toan cuc (global attributes)

Thuoc tnh rieng cua process

P2 System open file table P3

UNIX: open file structure

Sao lu va phuc hoi d lieu

Cac kieu sao lu d lieu

Journaling file system

Journaling file system

Tham khao them Linux-ext3, JFS, NTFS

MS-DOS File System (1)

MS-DOS directory entry

MS-DOS File System (2)

Windows 98 File System (1)

Extended MOS-DOS directory entry used in Windows 98

Windows 98 File System (2)

An entry for (part of) a long file name in Windows 98

The Windows 98 File System (3)

An example of how a long name is stored in Windows 98

UNIX V7 File System (1)

A UNIX V7 directory entry

UNIX V7 File System (2)