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GII THIEU HE VI X LY TONG QUAT

NGUYEN NH PHU

NOI DUNG BAI HOC


Lch

s phat trien cua VXL Cac khai niem c ban cua VXL

SAU KHI KET THUC CO THE BIET CHC NANG Lch s phat trien cac loai VXL,

may tnh Chieu dai t d lieu Kha nang truy xuat bo nh Toc o lam viec Thanh ghi cua VXL Lenh cua VXL Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh Cac loai bo nh Cac mach ien giao tiep ngoai vi

VI X LY
La

IC so chuyen ve x ly d lieu, tnh toan d lieu va K theo chng trnh Vi x ly (vxl): mircoprocessor D lieu: data Chng trnh: program

HE THONG VI X LY
VXL BO

NH NGOAI VI (I/O: INPUT/OUTPUT)

HE THONG MAY VI TNH

CHNG TRNH SE IEU KHIEN


Cac

mach ien logic, Cac bo nh (memory), Cac thiet b xuat/nhap (Input/output) e x ly d lieu (data).

LCH S PHAT TRIEN VXL GAN LIEN VI CAC VI MACH


Vi

cong nghe SSI va MSI th VXL van con la mot nhom gom nhieu IC ket hp lai vi nhau. Vi cong nghe LSI va VLSI th cau truc c rut gon va tch hp thanh mot IC duy nhat c goi la VXL (microprocessor) thap nien 70.

CONG NGHE
SSI:

SMALL SCALE INTEGRATED MSI: MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATED LSI: LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED VLSI: VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED

CAC SAN PHAM DUNG VXL

LCH S VI X LY
The

he th nhat la Vi x ly 4 he th hai la Vi x ly 8 he th ba la Vi x ly 16 he th t la Vi x ly 32 he th nam la Vi x ly

bit The bit The bit The bit The

LCH S VI X LY
Cac

vi x ly tang ve so lng

bit Tang them so lng lenh ieu khien va cac lenh tnh toan phc tap.

LCH S VI X LY GAN LIEN VI INTEL


Nam

1971, Intel cho ra VXL 4 bit

4004
Co the truy xuat 4096 o nh 4 bit o Co 45 lenh.
o

VI X LY 8 BIT 8008
Nam

1972, Intel cho ra VXL 8 bit

8008
Co the truy xuat 16K o nh 8 bit o Co 48 lenh.
o

VI X LY 8 BIT 8080
Nam
o

1974, Intel cai tien 8008 thanh 8080

Co the truy xuat 64Kbyte bo nh o Co nhieu lenh hn, o Chay nhanh gap 10 lan so vi 8008.

VI X LY 8 BIT 8085
Nam
o

1976, Intel cai tien 8080 thanh 8085:

Tch hp mach tao xung clock, o Co nhieu ngat phuc vu cho nhieu ng dung o Tch hp mach ieu khien he thong.

VI X LY 16 BIT 8086
Nam

1978, Intel cho ra VXL 16 bit

8086:
Co 20 ng a ch o Truy xuat 1MB bo nh o Bus d lieu trong va ngoai eu la 16bit.
o

VI X LY 16 BIT 8088
Nam

1979, Intel san xuat VXL 16 bit

8088 o Hieu chnh t VXL 8086 o Khac vi 8086 la bus d lieu ngoai 8 bit o Muc ch hieu chnh nham ha gia thanh va tr thanh vi x ly trong may tnh IBM-PC/XT.

VI X LY 16 BIT 80186
Cuoi

nam 1981, Intel cho ra VXL

80186
La phien ban m rong cua vi x ly 8086 o Co ho tr quan ly bo nh theo phan oan va bao ve o Bus a ch co 24 ng o Cho phep truy xuat 16Mbyte bo nh.
o

VI X LY 16 BIT 80286
Nam

1982, Intel cho ra VXL 16 bit

80286 Chu yeu phat trien t 8086 co them nhieu chc nang nh
Tch hp mach nh thi o Tch hp mach ieu khien DMA, o Tch hp mach ieu khien ngat, o Mach chon chip bo nh c thiet ke rieng cho cac ng dung nhung
o

VI X LY 16 BIT 80286

VI X LY 32 BIT 80386
Nam

1985, Intel cho ra VXL 32 bit

80386
Co quan ly bo nh theo trang va phan oan bo nh, o Bus d lieu ben trong va ben ngoai eu la 32 bit, o Tap thanh ghi c m rong.
o

VI X LY 32 BIT 80486
Nam
o o o o o

1989, Intel cho ra 32 bit 80486

Co cai thien kien truc e tang hieu suat, Co bo nh cache tren bo, n v dau cham ong tren bo. Co them 6 lenh so vi 80386. Cai tien lenh nh thi e tang

VI X LY PENTIUM
Nam
o

1993, Intel cho Pentium la VXL 64 bit

ra

VXL

Co n v dau cham ong. o Cai tien lenh nh thi so vi 80486.

VI X LY PENTIUM PRO
Nam

1995, Intel cho ra VXL Pentium Pro co tch hp bo nh cache.

VI X LY PENTIUM II, III, IV


Nam

1997, Intel cho ra VXL Pentium II = Pentium Pro + MMX. Nam 1999, Intel cho ra i VXL Pentium III IA64, m rong tao luong SIMD Nam 2000, Intel cho ra i VXL Pentium IV.

Lch

s phat trien VXL. Chieu dai t d lieu, Kha nang truy xuat bo nh Tap lenh, chng trnh Bo nh, ngoai vi Lnh vc ng dung cua VXL

KET THUC TOM TAT CHNG 1

CAU HOI KIEM TRA


Cau

1: Hay cho biet cac the he cua vi x ly va trong tng the he hay neu ten hoac ma so cua mot vi x ly tng ng. 2: Cac the he vi x ly 8 bit cua INTEL co bao nhieu loai va ma so theo th t cai tien va cac cai tien ntn?

Cau

CAU HOI KIEM TRA


Cau

3: Cung thi vi vi x ly 8 bit cua Intel th con co vxl cua cac hang nao ma so la g? 4: The he vxl 32 bit cua INTEL gom nhng loai nao ? Hay cho biet so ng a ch ?

Cau

CAU HOI KIEM TRA


Cau

5: Hay cho biet cac 5 san pham co dung VXL? Cau 6: Mot HTVXL gom cac thanh phan nao? Vai tro hay chc nang cua cac thanh phan o? Cau 7: Hay neu cac thong so e chng minh sc

CAU HOI KIEM TRA


Bo

nh gom cac ng tn hieu nao ? vai tro ac tnh cua tng loai, cach tnh dung lng BN? Vxl 8086 va 8088 la the he th may ? bao nhieu bit? khac nhau iem nao? Ly do?

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