Trng H Cng Nghip Tp.

HCM
B Mn C s - Khoa Cng Ngh in T

Tiu Lun:

Mch Khuch i Audio

Mn: Mch in t 2 M Hc Phn: 210202901 GVHD: Lu Th Vinh

Mch Khuch i Audio l g?

Mch khuch i m thanh c nhim v to ra mt cng sut ln kch thch ti m y chnh l kch thch loa pht ra m thanh mong mun.

Cc ch lm vic ca BJT:

Phn loi

Cc Loi Khc D,E,F,G,H

Loi A

Loi C

Khuch i Audio
Loi AB

Loi B

1/. Mch khuch i cng sut loi A:

c im chnh l tn hiu ng ra ca BJT

lun trong vng tch cc c ngha l BJT

c phn cc sao cho tn hiu ng ra lun bin thin theo tn hiu ng vo. 2. Tn hiu c khuch i trong c chu k

im lm vic tnh Q(VCE,ICQ) tha mn

iu kin VCE=VCC/2.

u im

Tn hiu ng ra khuch i trong c chu k

theo tn hiu ng vo. C cht tng i tt, t bin dng

Nhc im

Do c phn cc ch lm vic ti u nn mc tiu hao nng lng ln, c khi khng c tn hiu ng vo. Hiu sut ca mch thp thng l = 25%. V vy mch khuch i tn hiu loi A t c s dng.

2/. Mch khuch i cng sut loi B:

c im phn cc l in p VBE= 0V v

vy khi tn hiu ng vo phi vt qua

in p ngng V ca BJT th mi c tn hiu ng ra Tn hiu thng ch khuch i mt bn k dng hoc m tu thuc vo loi BJT

l PNP hay NPN.

Mch khuch i cng sut thng c ghp dng PUSH PULL.

u im

Mch khng ha ng khi khng c tn hiu

vo. Nng lng tiu hoa t. Hiu sut mch cao t 50 - 75%.

Nhc im

Tn hiu vo s b mo dng xuyn tm.

Yu cu cn phi c ngun i Nhng thng c khc phc bng cch gn

thm Vbb cc cng ca BJT.

3/. Mch khuch i cng sut loi AB:

c im l s ci tin nhc im mo xuyn tm ca lp B

bng cch nng p phn cc im tnh Q sao cho nm trong vng

gia lp A v lp B, mch c phn cc c VBE gn bng hoc bng V ca BJT. V vy tn hiu ng vo s c khuch i cho tn

hiu ng ra hn na chu k.
Mch khuch i cng sut thng c ghp dng i xng - b ph, c ngh l hai phn t BJT cng sut c cng thng s nhng mt l loi PNP v mt l NPN. Nu mch c thit k dng ngun i ta gi l mch khuch i cng sut dng OCL ( Output Capactor - Less), nu dng ngun n v ng ra c t ta gi l mch khuch i cng sut dng OTL ( Output Transformer- Less).

u im

Tn hiu ng ra t b mo dng hn lp B.
Tiu hao nng lng khi khng c tn hiu ng vo t hn lp A. Hiu sut ca mch cao, h s s dng BJT cao

Nhc im

Cn c bin p cung cp ngun i xng i vi mch OCL. Cn c t ng ra i vi mch OTL.

Mch khuch i loi AB thng c s dng nhiu do c c nhng u im vt tri ca cc loi A, B ng thi cng hn ch c nhng nhc im ln ca chng.

4/. Mch khuch i cng sut loi C:

c im l mch c phn cc cho BJT

nm trong vng ngng dn su hn so vi lp

B. Mch ch khuch i mt phn nh ca tn hiu ng vo, do mch khng ph hp khuch i tn hiu m tng, m thng c

s dng khuch i cc tn hiu cao tn.

5/. Thit k mch khuch i Audio thc t:

B khuch i m thanh ta thng thy nht trn th trng chnh l b khuch i OCL. Chnh v vy y nhm chng ti s gii thiu vi cc bn trnh t thit k v xy dng cc mnh trn. Cng l hiu r hn v Nguyn l lm vic ca cc mnh khuch i m thanh trong in t gia dng ngy nay.

Thit k mch K OCL

Yu Cu

Mch Khuch i OCL c: Cng sut ng ra: PLMax = 100W. Bng thng: BW = 20Hz 20KHz. Ti RL = 8ohm.

M Hnh Mch K Audio

1/.Thit k tng cng sut

S dng i xng - b ph

Nguyn l mch:
Nh trn s trn, nguyn l hot ng ca mch trn c gii thch nh sau: Khi tn hiu vo bn k dng: + Vbe ca Q8 tng nn Q8 c phn cc thun dn dng vo cc B ca Q10, lm cho Q10 phn cc thun dn dng mnh t ngun +Vcc qua Loa v xung Mass. + Cn Q9 phn cc nghch tt nn khng phn cc cho Q11, v vy Q11 khng rt dng. Khi tn hiu vo bn k m: + Vbe ca Q9 gim nn Q9 c phn cc thun rt dng t cc B ca Q11, lm cho Q11 phn cc thun rt dng mnh t Mass qua Loa v v -Vcc. + Cn Q8 phn cc nghch tt nn khng phn cc cho Q10. Phn t Vbias l nh mc in p Vbe cho Q8 v Q9, thit lp ch lm vic AB. s cp n sau ny. Do cc BJT c phn cc theo kiu C chung nn mch s khuch i dng.

Chn linh kin cho mch

Do mch i xng b ph nn ta ch cn tnh ton chn linh kin bn k dng: n nh phn cc cho Q10,Q11 ta chn R14,R15 << RL Vy R14 = 0.47.
Do yu cu thit k Plmax = 100w Nn ta c = 2(14 + ) Vlmax = 41.43 Chn h s s dng ngun l = 0.9. vy ta c Vcc = Vlmax / 45V. Ta cng c = 5.3A 14 + Vy cng sut cung cp ca ngun l: 2 2 = = 152 (14 + ) =

Chn linh kin cho mch

Cng sut tiu th trn R14 c xc nh nh sau: 1 14 = 2 . 14. = 2.66 2 Hiu sut cc i ca ti l: = . 100% = 65.79% Vy ta c cng sut tiu th cc i trn Q10: 10 = 14 = 49.34 Vy thng s ca cc cp BJT l: + Cng sut > 50W + Vcemax > 2Vcc = 90V + Icmax > 2 Ic = 2 * 3.4 = 6.8A + ft > 20KHz + Cng sut in tr > 2* 2.66 = 4W

Vy t Datasheets ta chn :

Q10 = D718 Q11 = B688

Chn linh kin cho mch

Tnh thng s cho Q8,Q9: T Icmax ca Q10, ta c Ibmax ca Q10= Icmax / hfe_min= 96 mA. Nhm mc ch n nh phn cc cho Q8,Q9 ng thi bo v cho Q10,Q11 khi co hin tng qu dng. Ta mc them in tr R12,R13. Gi tr ca R12,13 phi m bo phn dng ph hp n Q10 c th phn cc c cho Q10. Ta chn IR12,13= Ib_q10max / 10 = 9.6 mA T c IEq8 = Ibq10 + IR12 = 9.6 + 96 = 105.6 mA. Cch tnh nh sau:

Chn linh kin cho mch

+ hieQ10 = m * hfe * 0.0025 / Icq = 0.36 Ohm. Suy ra VR12 = IbQ10max * ( hieQ10 + R14* hfeQ10) = 2.82 V Vy ta c R12 = VR12 / IR12 = 262.5 Ohm Cng d c P_R12= 12.25 W Vy ta chn R12,13 = 270 Ohm/0.25W Mc khc ta nhn thy rng R12 >> (hieQ10 + R14*hfeQ10 ) nn c th b qua R12 trong s phn nh tr khng ghp Darlington Q8 v Q10.

RTng= 466.21 Ohm

Chn linh kin cho mch

Do Q8 phn cc lp AB nn:

2 = 2 = 0.44 Chng ta nhn c thng s BJT Q8 cng nh Q9 nh sau:

+ Cng sut Plmax = 2 * 0.44 = 0.88 W + Vcemax = 2*Vcc = 90 V + Icmax = 2 * IcmaxQ8= 2 * 105 mA= 210 mA + fT > 20KHz C th chn l KSE340 v KSE350

2/.Thit k tng li

Nguyn l hot ng
D5 v D6 to chnh lch in p 2VD phn cc cho Q6 to dng in trn cc E ca Q6, dng in ny c th thay i c nh chnh bin tr R10. R9 phn cc thun cho D5, D6 c in p ngng VD, dng qua D5, D6 l

ID5,D6 ti VD.
D1, D2, D3, D4 v bin tr R11 dng to n p phn cc cho tng KCS PUSH PULL hot ng ch lp AB. Q7 l tng khuch i tn hiu nh ch lp A, to tn hiu ng ra bin thin 3600 theo tn hiu ng vo.

Chn linh kin cho mch

Do cc Diode lm vic vi dng in nh v cng dng l to V. Nn ta chn cc D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 l loi 1N4007.

Thng s ca 1N4007: + IDMax = 1 A + VD = 0.7 V ti ID = 10 mA Cch xc nh R9: 2 9 = = 4.36 Vy chn R9 = 3.9K Ta cng c: VR9 = Vcc 2 VD = 43.6 Tnh c VE_Q6 = VR9 + V_Q9 + 45V = 89.3V
c dng cc i IE_Q6max = 4 15mA th: 10 = = 47 Ohm ; 10 =

= 175

Nh vy ta c th xem R10 l mt bin tr 1K.

Chn linh kin cho mch

Dng phn cc thun qua cc Diode D1, D2, D3, D4 c in p ngng VD = 0.7V l dng ICQ6 t cc C ca Q6 xung v ti thiu l 10mA. Nh vy Vbias c th c tnh t s sau:

Chn linh kin cho mch

Ta c: 8 + 10 + 9 + 11 = 4 = 4 0.6 = 2.4 M _ = 4 = 2.8 iu chnh VBias c gi tr t 2.4V n 2.8V vi dng in qua cc Diode ti thiu l 10mA ta c cng thc tnh gi tr bin tr R11 nh sau: 2 11 = = 140 10

Do vy ta dng bin tr R11 l 1K iu chnh gi tr Vbias.

tn hiu ng ra ca Q7 cp cho mch KCS PUSH PULL bin thin 360o theo tn hiu ng vo th Q7 l mch khuch i tn hiu nh ch lp A.

Do ICQ6 = ICQ7 nn: 2Vcc = VR10 + VECQ6 + 2VD + VR11 + VECQ7 Suy ra:

2 ;( 6 : 7 :2 ) 10:11

Chn linh kin cho mch

Mc khc ta c dng tng qua Q7: 7 = 7 + 7 V ta cn 7 = 8 = 3.21, m iu kin phn cc ti thiu cho cc Diode c mc in p ngng = 0.7 th 7 = 10. Vy nn: 7 = 10 + 3.21 = 13.21 Chn im lm vic tnh Q7 l Q(10mA;45V) ta c:

+ R10 =

+ PR10 = 3.5 mW
+ R11 =
;

+ PR11 = 7 mW + VCEQ6 = VEQ6 ( VCEQ7 + Vbias_max) = 89.3 ( 45 +2.8 ) = 41.5 V + PCQ6 = ICQ6 * VCEQ6 = 415 mW + PCQ7 = ICQ7 * VCEQ7 = 450 mW

Chn linh kin cho mch

Do mi BJT c phn cc hot ng ch DC nu c trng hp mt trong 2 BJT b h ni tt cc C v cc E, nh vy BJT cn li s chu mt in p ngc VCE0 = VCBO = 2Vcc = 90V. V Q6 v Q7 c dng trn cc C bng nhau nn khi chn BJT th Q6 v Q7 c th l cp BJT b ph vi nhau. Chn cc thng s cho cp BJT Q6 v Q7 nh sau:

PCQmax > 2 * 450mW = 900mW VCEO = VCBO > 90V Icmax > 2 * 10mA = 20mA

fT > 20KHz
Nh vy cp BJT b ph Q6, Q7 c th l :

2SA1013 v 2SC2383.

3/.Thit k tng Vi Sai

Nguyn l hot ng
o Tng t nh tng li, Q5 cng c phn cc to dng in c nh c th iu chnh c nh R5, v iu chnh tng cng sut cn bng hay im

gia t gi tr 0V. ng thi lm tng gi tr h s nn tn hiu ng pha CMRR

(Common mode rejection ratio) hay cn gi l h s trit tn hiu ng pha. C ngha ngun dng Q5 s ci tin mch Visai thnh l tng vi h s CMRR = . o Q1 v Q4 l cp BJT ging nhau, c ghp thnh mch khuch i Visai. C nhim v khuch i tn hiu Visai gia tn hiu ng vo v tn hiu hi tip m NFB(Negative feedback), gi cho ton mch hot ng n nh theo h s Avf nht nh. o Q2 v Q3 l cp BJT ging nhau, c ghp thnh b gng dng in. C nhim v gi cho dng in IC ca Q1 v Q4 lun c cn bng ch DC, im li l to tr khng ln t cc C ca Q2 khi ch AC m bo tn hiu ng ra ca mch visai c a hon ton n tng li Q7.

Nguyn l hot ng
T C2 c gi tr ln c th ngn mch ch AC, to cu phn p trn cc B ca Q4 khi c in p hi tip. R7 v R8 xc lp li in p khi c hi tip Avf. Ring R8 khi ch DC lm nhim v phn cc cho Q4. R3 v R6 phn cc cho Q1, Q4 ng thi xc lp VBEQ7 phn cc cho Q7 tng li cng sut v xc nh t s dng in cho b gng dng Q2, Q3. R2 v R4 c tr s bng nhau, n nh Q1, Q4 ng thi trit tn hiu tn s cao ch AC.

R1 phn cc cho Q1 ch DC.

Chn linh kin cho mch

tnh ton gi tr v thng s linh kin ta da trn s phn cc DC, cc t xem nh h mch v do mong mun thit k im gia l 0V nn R8 xem nh ni mass.

Chn linh kin cho mch

Ta nh rng tng khuch i vi sai cn thit phi m bo thm iu kin l cho Q7 phn cc . T tnh ton trc ta c: IBQ7 = 167uA; v VBEQ7 0.7V. mch vi sai hot ng n nh th ICQ1 >> IBQ7 do IBA7 l khng ng k nn c th b qua. Vy IEQ2 = IR3 ICQ2 = 10 IBQ7 = 1.67 mA. V ICQ1 = ICQ2 + IBQ7= 1.837mA. T VQ2 + IEQ2* R3 = VQ3 + IEQ3 * R6 Nn thit lp iu kin ICQ1 = ICQ2 = ICQ3 = ICQ4 th R3 = R6

Chn linh kin cho mch

Ta c ICQ5 = IEQ1 + IEQ4 = 2* IEQ1 = 3.674mA Nh vy c th iu chnh ICQ5 t 1mA n 5mA th R5 tha 5 = = 140 5 5 = = 700 5 C th chn bin tr R5 = 1K. Tnh R1, R2 v R4, R8 theo cng thc sau:

IEQ1 * R2 + VQ! + IBQ1* R1 = IEQ4 * R4 + VQ4 + IBQ4* R8 Do Q1 v Q4 phi ging nhau nn: R2 = R4 v R1 = R8

Chn linh kin cho mch

Tnh ton thng s trn BJT: VCEQ1 = VCEQ2 < Vcc = 45V Nn c th xc nh thng s theo cch sau: PCQ1 = PCQ4 = ICQ1*Vcc = 75.15mW PCQ5 = 2*ICQ1*Vcc = 150 mW Icmax = 3.34mA Do ta c cc cp b ph nn thng s Q1 v Q4 vi Q2 v Q3. Q5 c lp nhng do mt bng cng sut l nh nn ta c th chn nh sau: Q1,Q4,Q5 l 2SA1015 Q2, Q3 l 2SC1815

Nh vy ta c mch ton din nh sau:

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng phn cc BIAS POINT: Gi tr bin tr R5=500;R10,R11 = 1K

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng phn cc BIAS POINT: Gi tr bin tr R5=1.15;R10,R11 = 1K

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng phn cc BIAS POINT:

Nhn thy rng khi gi tr bin tr l 500 th gi tr in p phn cc DC ti im gia l 35.V gi tr ny rt cao, Khi iu chnh R5 tng n 1.15k th im p im gia l -31uV gn v 0 l mc in p thit lp cho mch hoat ng cn bng.

R5 ng vai tr iu chnh trng thi hot ng ca mch

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng ch lm vic AC:

Vin=1

Ng ra sau khi c khuch i c hi tip c bin xp x 43.5V, nh vy gn ng vi kt qu tnh ton. Nhng c bng thng BW t 300Hz n v cng, kt qu ny sai lch qu ln so vi kt qu mong mun. Tin hnh iu chnh C2 = 47uF v C3 = 1nF ta c kt qu sau:

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng ch lm vic AC:

Nhn thy rng khi iu chnh gi tr t C2 v C3 th bng thng ci thin ng nh yu cu thit k mch t 20Hz20Khz.

C2,C3 ng vai tr quyt nh bng thng ca ton mch.

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng trn min thi gian: Tn hiu b mo dng

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng trn min thi gian: Tng gi tr R7 = 1k

nh gi Mch va thit k vi Pspice

M phng trn min thi gian:

Sau khi iu chnh R7 ta thy rng tn hiu ra khng cn b mo dng nh trc.

Tn hiu b mo dng l hin tng h s khuch i qu ln gy ra.Ta thy h s Avf hon ton ph thuc vo R7 v R8.

Ta c mch hon thin sau khi hiu chnh nh sau:

Thanks You!