Mn hc: LTHPT

Gio vin hng dn: Hoa Tt Thng Sinh vin thc hin: Hong Thu Giang Quang Ha Trn Th Phng Nhung Nguyn Th Chung

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Ni dung
1. Cc kiu kin trc

2.Cc kin trc h thng

Kin trc tp trung Kin trc phi tp trung Kin trc lai

3. Kin trc vi Middleware

4.H thng t qun l (Self-managing

systems)
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1. Cc kiu Kin Trc

Cc kiu kin trc quan trng ca H phn

tn. Kin Trc phn tng Kin Trc hng i tng Kin Trc hng d liu Kin Trc hng s kin

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1.1Kin trc phn tng

Cc thnh phn c t chc theo tng tng

gi ln nhau:
Thnh phn tng Li cho php gi cc thnh phn

tng Li-1 bn di n, tuy nhin khng c chiu ngc li. Vi m hnh ny lung iu khin thng c chuyn t tng ny sang tng khc: Trong khi cc yu cu i t tng cao xung tng thp th tr li (kt qu) l ngc li.
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1.1Kin trc phn tng

Mi Lp s dng cc lp trc thc hin cc chc nng mi ng thi chuyn ti cc lp trn. V d: Cc ng dng web a tng.
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1.2Kin trc hng i tng

V bn cht, Mi i tng da trn mi thnh phn, v cc thnh phn ny c kt ni vi nhau thng qua c ch RPC-(Remote Procedure Call) . Trong kin trc hng i tng, kin trc phn mm ca n vn tha mn cc tnh cht ca m hnh Client/Server. Hin nay, kin trc phn tng v kin trc hng i tng vn ang l m hnh kin trc quan trng nht cho cc h thng phn mm ln

1.2Kin trc hng i tng

Thnh phn tng tc thng qua vic gi cc th tc t xa. Ph bin trong cc h thng my khch-my ch

1.3Kin trc hng s kin

Quy trnh ch yu giao tip thng qua vic lan truyn

cc s kin.
Giao tip thng qua mt kho lu tr chung

S dng h thng Publish/Subscrible.

Cc S kin c gii phng ngay khi published bi

mt s publisher.

1.3Kin trc hng s kin

Publish/Subscrible system: Tin trnh s pht ra cc s kin, v sau phn trung gian-middleware s m bo rng ch c cc tin trnh ng k nhn cc s kin ny mi nhn c chng .

1.4Khng gian d liu chia s

Kin trc hng s kin c th c kit hp vi

kin trc hng d liu to thnh khng gian d liu chia s. Bn cht : Cc tin trnh c tch bit vi nhau v thi gian, chng khng cn phi dng active khi qu trnh truyn thng din ra. Rt nhiu khng gian d liu chia s s dng giao din tng t SQL cho th mc c chia s vi ngha rng d liu c th c truy cp bng cch s dng mt m t hn l mt tham chiu c th.

1.4Khng gian d liu chia s

2.H thng cc kin trc

Kin trc Tp trung:
Client-server
Multitiered Architectures

Kin trc phi tp trung:

Kin trc Peer-to-Peer
Kin trc phi cu trc Peer-to-Peer Superpeers

Kin trc Lai:

H thng mng Edge-Server H thng phn tn hp tc

2.1.1 Kin trc Client-Server

Kin trc Client-Server 2 tng

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2.1.1 Kin trc Client-Server

Cc tin trnh trong h phn tn c chia ra thnh

hai nhm (c th gi ln nhau).

Server l mt tin trnh ci t mt dch v c th no

, v d, dch v h thng file hoc dnh v c s d liu. Client l mt tin trnh yu cu dch v t server bng cch gi request v i tr li t server. Tng tc gia client/server bng phng php hip(request-reply).

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2.1.1Kin trc Client-Server

Truyn thng gia client v server :

- Giao thc kt ni n gin (Connection protocol)

hoc - Giao thc c hng ng tin cy (reliable connection orriented protocol). Nhc im: khi client gi request n server th phi ch (thi gian ch ny coi nh thi gian cht). Khc phc :Sau khi server nhn c request ca client, th n ch cn gi ack li cho client, trong thi gian server x l, client s lm cc cng vic khc
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2.1.1 Kin trc Client-Server

Phn tng ng dng: Tng giao din ngi dng Tng x l. Tng D liu

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2.1.1Kin trc Client-Server

Kin trc Client-Server ang c ng dng gm 3

mc: + Mc giao din ngi s dng + Mc x l + Mc d liu

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Cng c tm kim (Search Engine )

Kin trc my tm kim vi 3 lp Bin i chui t kho ca ngi dng nhp vo mt

hoc nhiu cc truy vn c s d liu Sp xp cc kt qu vo danh sch, v chuyn i danh sch vo list cc trang HTML
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Cng c tm kim (Search Engine )

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2.1.2Kin trc a tng (Multitiered)

T chc n gin nht l ch c 2 loi my:
Mt my khch cha duy nht cc chng trnh

hot ng mc giao din ngi s dng.

Mt my ch cha cc phn cn li, l cc

chng trnh hot ng mc x l v mc d liu , mi th trong t chc ny c x l bi my ch

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Cc t chc client-server thay th

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Cc ng dng web 3 tng

Chnh Server s dng kin trc "client-server

3 tng : 3 tiers: HTTP, J2EE and database

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Rt ph bin trong hu ht cc ng dng da trn nn web Web server gi request ti server ng dng -> DB server chay cc on m kim tra cc request t trong DB
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2.2 Kin trc phi tp trung

H thng Peer-to-peer : Tt c cc tin trnh c vai tr

nh nhau
Cc tin trnh va l client va l server, u c th gi

yu cu i v x l cc yu cu n. Trong kin trc phn tn theo chiu dc, mi server cng c th l client ca server khc . Nhng trong m hnh P2P tt c cc tin trnh u cung cp cc dch v ging nhau. V d tiu biu: Cc ng dng chia s tp tin. trong cc ng dng ny, ngi dng s dng ng dng tm kim v ti tp tin t ngi dng khc, cng lc, chng trnh cng x l cc yu cu tm kim v ti tp tin gi n t nhng ngi dng khc.
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2.2.1H thng Peer-to-peer

Loi b s phn bit gia mt my khch v my ch

- B mt ca cc nt mng Vng Lin kt: h thng cu trc peer-to-peer S dng mt bng bm c phn b xc nh v tr cc i tng Mc d liu vi kha k -> nt nh nht vi id >= k
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Ni dung a ch mng (CAN)

CAN (Content Addressable Network): d- kch thc ta d

h thng:
Tt c cc nt trong h thng c phn chia. V d: [0,1] x [0,1] khng gian trn 6 nt

Cc s mc d liu n mt im
Kt ni: chn mt im ngu nhin, phn chia vi cc nt cho im . Vn : kh khn hn, khi hp nht c th cung cp cho cc phn

vng i xng
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2.2.2H thng phi cu trc P2P

Da vo cc thut ton ngu nhin xy

dng mt mng li che ph Mi nt chn mt tp hp ngu nhin ca cc nt v tr thnh hng xm ca chng. T ng la chn mc tc ng ca mng

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Cu trc v phi cu trc P2P

C th dch chuyn t im ny n im khc: Cn trng trong trao i v la chn cc nt lin k

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2.2.3 Mng SuperPeers

Trong kin trc ny, cc superpeer to thnh mt

mng P2P. Cc peer bnh thng s l cc client ca cc superpeer. Kin trc lai ny vn gi c mt s u im ca h thng P2P v gip n gin ha h thng . Ch c mt s superpeer qun l ch mc ca cc peer bnh thng.

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2.2.3Mng SuperPeers

Mt s nt tr thnh nt c bit C trch nhim hn(cn phi hoc sn sng dnh

nhiu ti nguyn hn). VD : Skype : super-peer.

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2.3.1 Cc h thng server-Eged (cnh)

Trong mng edge-server,cc server s c t ti

cnh (edge) ca mng internet. V d nh cc nh cung cp dch v internet hoc mng ca doanh nghip. khi , cc nt client s truy cp edge-server gn vi n thay v server gc xa. Kin trc ny rt ph hp vi cc mng phn tn d liu phm vi ln.

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2.3.1Cc h thng server-Eged (cnh)

Edge Server: t my client-server ti my client-proxy-

server. Ni dung Mng phn tn: cc nt client s truy cp edge-server gn vi n thay v server gc xa.
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2.3.2H thng phn tn hp tc

Cc peer h tr nhau trong vic phn phi d liu nh

trong kin trc P2P, nhng khi to mng th chng li tun theo kin trc client-server. V d nh vi Bittorent, mt nt mun ti v mt tp t mt server th u tin nt phi lin lc vi server ly thng tin v cc tracker. Cc tracker ny s cho bit v tr ca cc nt khc m t c th ti cc phn khc nhau ca tp tin v. khi ti c cc phn v, nt ny s ng k vi tracker cc nt khc c th tm thy v ti v t nt ny

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2.3.2H thng phn tn hp tc

BitTorrent: mng ti cng tc P2P

Ti v nhng phn ca mt tp tin t nhiu im (peer).

Lp rp li file sau khi ti v

- S dng mt th mc ton cu (web-site) v ti v mt torrent. Torrent cha thng tin v tp tin - Tracker: my ch duy tr cc nt hot ng yu cu khi - Gim hiu lc: ->Nu P thy Q download nhiu hn upload, gim tc gi ti Q
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3.Kin trc vi Middleware

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3.Kin trc vi Middleware

Cc h thng Middleware thng tun theo mt kiu

kin trc c th: - Kiu kin trc hng i tng (v d: CORBA..) - Kiu kin trc hng s kin (v d: TIBCO) u im: vic thit k ng dng tr nn n gin Hn ch: middleware s khng cn ti u i vi suy ngh ca mt lp trnh vin

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3.Kin trc vi Middleware

3.1 nh chn(Interceptors)
1. i tng A c cung cp mt giao din cc b,

ging chnh xc vi giao din c cung cp bi i tng B. A n gin ch l gi phng thc c sn trong giao din . 2. Cc cuc gi bi A c chuyn vo mt li triu gi i tng chung, c th thng qua mt giao din triu gi i tng chung c cung cp bi middleware ti cc my cha A. 3. Cui cng, li triu gi i tng chung s c chuyn i thnh mt tin nhn c gi qua giao din tng transport ca mng a ra bi h iu hnh cc b ca A.
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S dng nh chn x l cc cuc gi i tng t xa.

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Phng php tip cn chung tch hp phn mm

1. Tch mi lin h: Tch v sau kt hp nhng mi lin h xuyn sut thnh mt h thng phn tn l ch chnh gii quyt cc kha cnh pht trin phn mm theo nh hng. 2.nh x tnh ton : Chng trnh c kh nng

t kim tra v iu chnh trng thi. 3. Thit k da trn thnh phn: 1 h thng hoc c th c cu hnh tnh ti thi gian thit k, hoc t ng trong thi gian chy.

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4. H thng t qun l
H thng thch ng

- B iu khin chnh n c hnh ng t qun l khi cn thit. Tnh ton t qun, t qun l h thng T *: qun l t ch, t sa cha V d: Kh nng t cung cp - Nng lc khc nhau ca mt my ch web da trn yu cu

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4.1M hnh iu khin thng tin phn hi

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4.1M hnh iu khin thng tin phn hi

H thng c t chc bng phng php cc vng nh

vy c gi l h thng iu khin thng tin phn hi S dng thng tin phn hi v iu khin thit k mt h thng t qun l (selfmanaging). C s ton hc a chng vo trong h thng my tnh ( xut bi Hellerstein et al, 2004;. V Diao et al, 2005)

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4.1 M hnh iu khin thng tin phn hi

H thng gm 3 Yu t c bn
Yu t 1: H thng ca n cn phi c gim st, cc yu

cu u vo Yu t 2: H thng iu khin thng tin phn hi phn tch cc kch thc v so snh c gi tr tham chiu Yu t 3: H thng cha cc thnh phn bao gm cc c ch khc nhau trc tip nh hng n hnh vi ca h thng nh t bn sao, thay i cc u tin lp k hoch, chuyn i dch v
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4.2 V d: cc h thng gim st vi Astrolabe

L mt h thng c th h tr theo di hot ng ca h

thng h thng phn tn.

Astrolabe l mt cng c gim st hnh vi ca ton h thng Kt qu u ra ca h thng c a vo mt thnh phn phn tch a ra cc gii php khc phc

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4.2 V d: cc h thng gim st vi Astrolabe

Hot ng ca n l Cc my trong h phn tn c ci

chng trnh Astrolabe thu thp thng tin Cc my ny c th kt ni vi nhau truyn b cc thng tin cho nhau v tnh trng hot ng ca mnh ti khu vc thng qua mt my ch a phng

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4.2 V d: cc h thng gim st vi Astrolabe

SELECT AVG(procs) AS aV9_procs FROM hostinfo

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4.3 V d : Cc chin lc nhn rng khc nhau trong Globule

Globle da trn my ch ca ngi dng cui ang c

t trong Internet cc my ch ny cng tc ti u ha hiu sut thng qua vic nhn rng cc trang web. Mi my ch gc (tc l, cc my ch chu trch nhim x l cc bn cp nht ca mt trang web c th), theo di Cc mu truy cp trn mt trang c s. Cc mu truy cp c th hin nh c v ghi cc hot ng cho mt trang, tng hot ng c ghi li ngy thng v ng nhp bi ngun gc my ch cho trang

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V d : Cc chin lc nhn rng khc nhau trong Globule

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4.2 V d : Cc chin lc nhn rng khc nhau trong Globule

M hnh ny n gin cho php mt my ch gc xem nhng

g s xy ra nu n t mt bn sao trn edge-server c th. t mt bn sao cho cc my khch s ci thin tr ca my khch, nhng iu ny s to ra lu lng truy cp gia cc my ch gc v edge-server gi mt bn sao ph hp vi trang ban u. Khi mt server gc nhn c mt yu cu cho mt trang, n ghi li a ch IP ni m yu cu c bt ngun, v tm kim ISP hoc mng doanh nghip ph hp vi yu cu Server gc sau s tm kim server bn sao ang tn ti gn nht c th ng vai tr l edge server cho client , v ln lt tnh ton tr n server cng vi bng thng ti a
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4.3 V d: Qun l sa cha cc thnh phn t ng trong Jade

Khi bo tr mt tp hp my tnh, mi server chy mt

cch tinh vi, n tr nn quan trng gim bt vn v qun l. Mt cch tip cn c th p dng cho cc server c xy dng bng cch s dng cch tip cn da trn thnh phn, pht hin cc thnh phn li v thay th chng mt cch t ng

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4.3 V d: Qun l sa cha cc thnh phn t ng trong Jade

Trong trng hp li, chnh sch sa cha c th quy

nh nhng bc sau y phi c c thc hin: 1. Ngt mi kt ni gia mt thnh phn trn nhng nt khng li, v mt thnh phn trn nt va li. 2. Yu cu ngi qun l nt bt u v thm mt nt mi vo domain. 3. Cu hnh nt mi vi cc thnh phn ging vi cc thnh phn trn node va b ph v 4. Thit lp li tt c cc kt ni va b ngt trc .
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The end.

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