Bus Switching Scheme& Substation Layout

R PRASHANT ET-XVI

Power Grid Corporation of India

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Important considerations in layout..

Reliability and Security

Selection of Bus Scheme Ease of Maintenance Operational Flexibility

Short Circuit Level Shape of the land Altitude of the land above mean sea level Feeder orientation Safety of Equipment and personnel Possibility of future expansion Cost
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Bus Switching Schemes

Single Main Scheme Double Main Scheme Single Main & Transfer Scheme Double Main & Transfer Scheme One & Half Breaker Scheme Double breaker Scheme Ring Bus Scheme

SINGLE BUS SCHEME

Simplest and cheapest bus bar scheme Maintenance and extensions of busbars are not possible without shutdown of the substation. Operation & maintenance of bus bar is easy.

SINGLE MAIN AND TRANSFER SCHEME

Individual CB can be taken out for maintenance on-load at a time. The transfer bus coupler acts as the breaker for the circuit under by pass.

Individual circuits have a bypass isolator to connect to the transfer bus and this isolator will be closed during bypass operation of that particular circuit.

DOUBLE BUS SCHEME

Load will be distributed on both the buses and the bus coupler shall be normally closed. For maintenance & extension of any one of the buses the entire load will be transferred to the other bus. On load transfer of a circuit from one bus to the other bus is possible through bus isolators provided the bus coupler is closed and thereby two buses are at the same potential.

On load bypassing of any circuit for breaker maintenance is not possible.

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DOUBLE BUS WITH BY-PASS SCHEME

This bus arrangement provides the facilities of a double bus arrangement & a main and transfer bus arrangement.
The bus to which the transfer bus isolator is connected can be used as a transfer bus also. During the time a circuit is under bypass, the bus coupler will act as the breaker for the bypassed circuit.

DOUBLE MAIN AND TRANSFER SCHEME

In this bus scheme, in addition to the two main buses there will be a separate transfer bus also. Since separate transfer bus is available there will be no need of transferring the load from one bus to the other bus unlike in a double main cum transfer bus arrangement. Other features are similar to the one described in double bus with by pass arrangement.
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ONE AND HALF BREAKER SCHEME

In this scheme, two circuit have three breakers, the middle breaker ties the two circuits and hence is called the tie breaker. Breaker or bus maintenance is possible without any shut down of the feeder Even if both the buses are out of service, power can be transferred from one feeder to another feeder through tie breaker

1-52 CB

3-52 CB
LINE-2 LINE-1
MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2 TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2 MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

2-52 CB

ONE & HALF BREAKER DESCRIPTION

BUS-2
MAIN BAY(1ST BAY) FOR FEEDER-1

BUS-1

BUS-1

LINE-1 2-52 CB LINE-2

1-52 CB 3-52 CB

TIE BAY (2ND BAY ) FOR FEEDER-1 & 2.

BUS-2

MAIN BAY(3RD BAY) FOR FEEDER-2

DOUBLE BUS TWO BREAKER SCHEME

Each feeder is controlled by two breakers. This arrangement is comparatively costlier than other scheme and hence followed in very important circuit only. In this arrangement breaker maintenance for any feeder circuit is easily possible without any shutdown.
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RING BUS SCHEME

As long as the ring is closed load has two sources of supply and any circuit breaker can be taken out of service without affecting the supply.
Extension of ring scheme is difficult. No bus bar protection required.

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Selection of Switching Schemes

No reliability in Single Main, Double Main, Single Main & Transfer Scheme w.r.t bus fault, feeder fault & breaker maintenance Double Main & Transfer Scheme, One & Half Breaker Scheme & Double breaker Scheme are

characterized by reliable and interruption free supply.

One & half breaker scheme can be selected for EHV substations due high reliability, operational flexibility, ease of maintenance, ease of expansion, due consideration of cost
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF ONE & HALF BREAKER SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. THREE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN A FULL DIA ARE ALWAYS IN CLOSED POSITION. IF MAIN CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM TIE CB & OTHER BUS . NEED NOT REQUIRE TRANSFER THE FEEDER. IF TIE CB PROBLEM / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDER IS FEEDING FROM MAIN CB & CONNECTED BUS. EVEN IF BOTH MAIN BREAKERS UNDER TROUBLE, DURING THAT PERIOD ONE FEEDER WORKS AS INCOMING AND OTHER FEEDER WORKS AS OUTGOING VIA TIE CB. (WITHOUT INTERUPTION TO FEEDERS) IF BUSBAR-1 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-1 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-1 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-2. IF BUSBAR-2 OPERATED / FOR PERIODICAL MAINTANENCE, ONLY THE MAIN BREAKERS CONNECTED TO BUSBAR-2 WILL TRIP. DURING THAT PERIOD THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS-2 ARE FEEDING VIA TIE CB FROM BUS-1. IN THIS BUSBAR PROTECTION IS SIMPLE AND NEED NOT REQUIRE SELECTION OF ISOLATOR. IT IS MORE RELIABLE SYSTEM FOR OPERATION & MAINTANENCE POINT OF VIEW.

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DISADVANTAGES
1. 2. CT CONNECTIONS & PROTECTION TRIP LOGICS ARE SOME WHAT COMPLICATED. COMPLEX CONTROL & PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY COST TOWARDS CTs, CIRCUIT BREAKERS & PANELS ARE TO BE INCREASED DUE TO EXTRA BAY. THE OPERATIONS FOR OPERATOR POINT OF VIEW IS LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED WHEN COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM. SPACE OCUPATION FOR BAY IS MORE i.e COST OF LAND IS MORE.

3.
4.

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THANKYOU

R PRASHANT

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