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8.Nguyn Thnh Tr, Sinh thi hc, NXB HSP H Ni, 2008
I. CC NGUYN T CA C TH SNG
-Trong t nhin c 92 nguyn t ha hc
-C 16 nguyn t thng xuyn cu thnh cc hp cht trong c th (C, H, O, N, Ca, P, S, Cl, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, I)
-Thm mt vi nguyn t khc c thy trong c th SV c bit
Cc nguyn t sinh hc
40 30 18 20 10 10 3 2 1
Cc nguyn t cn li chim 1%
T l %
0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 K S Cl Na Mg Fe Cu Mn Zn Iot
Mangan Km Iot
Vt
Vt
Cc trng thi ca nc
Nc trong c th sng
c tnh Tm quan trng trong c th
T trng
Sc cng Mao dn Chu nn Nhit dung Nhit bay hi Dn in
Lm gi cho c th sng
Vt cht bm vo Vn chuyn cht Nng c th iu ha thn nhit Lm mt c th Dn truyn cc xung thn kinh
n v c bn
Monosaccarit
Axit amin Glycerol, Axit bo ng Nhm photphat Cc gc hu c Cc nucleotid
i phn t
Polysaccarit
Protein Du, m
Hydratcarbon C, H, O
Protein Lipit Axit nucleic
AND, ARN
PROTEIN
II.1.Protein
-L polymer to thnh monomer ca cc acid amin -Chim t l cao trong cc hp cht hu c -Cu to linh hot v c kh nng bit ha cao - m nhn nhiu chc nng quan trng, l nguyn liu d tr
Xon
LK mng
II.2.Hydrat cacbon
- Cc hydrat cacbon n: ngun cung cp nng lng - Cc hydrat cacbon phc: ngun d tr nng lng hoc nguyn liu cu trc
*Cu trc ng n
-Phn t c t 3-10 nguyn t C -L dn xut aldehyt hoc cetol ca ru a chc
* Cu trc ng phc
Cu trc ng phc
ng i
- C tnh kh
-Khng kh
tnh
Cu trc ng phc
Cc polysaccharit
Tinh bt
Cu trc cellulose
Cu trc ng phc
Cc polysaccharit
Chitin
Glycogen
LIPID
III.3. Lipid
-L hp cht hu c phc tp
*Lipid n gin
-L nhng este ca alcol v acid bo -Bao gm
+Cc steride
Lipid n gin
*M trung tnh (tryglycerid)
-Cht bo l este ca glycerol v acid bo-gi l glycerid
Lipid n gin
*Tryacylglycerol
-Nhit nng chy khc nhau -Nhit tan chy ca mt s loi m +M b 25-300C
+M ln 36-450C
+M g 33-400C
+Du lc -340C
Lipid n gin
*Sp
ch yu l este ca acid bo cao phn t (palmitic, cacraubic, montanic) v ru a chc cao phn t (xerylic)
-Bn, t c kh nng phn ng -ng dng lm nn, mu sp, son mi
Lipid n gin
*Sterid
-Este ru a vng (cholesterol,) v acid bo cao phn t (palmitic, oleic)
-Rn, khng mu, khng tan trong nc, tan trong dung mi hu c
-Tin cht ca cht iu ha sinh trng (VTM D3, prostaglandin, iu ha hot ng cc hoocmon TV, V)
*Lipid phc tp
-Trong thnh phn clipid phc tp c alcol, acid bo, photpholipid v cc cht khc.
Phospholipid
Glicolipid
*Lipid phc tp
*Lipid phc tp
*Phospholipid
*Lipid phc tp
*Glicolipid
*Lipid phc tp
*Steroid
ACID NUCLEIC
Acid nucleic
*Nucleotid
-n v cu trc ca DNA v RNA -Cc baz nit mch vng: cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U), Adenin (A), Guanin (G) -Gc ng 5C: Deoxyribose, ribose
-Nhm phosphat
Cu trc nucleotid
Cc loi nucleotid