DANH PHAP HP CHT HU C (PHN 2)

DANH PHAP HIROCACBON

I. Hirocacbon no mach h II. Hirocacbon khng no mach h III. Hirocacbon vong no IV. Hirocacbon thm

DANH PHAP HP CHT HU C N CHC VA A CHC

I. Dn xut halogen va hp cht nitro II. Ancol va phenol III. Ete IV. Anehit va xeton V. Axit cacboxylic va cac dn xut VI. Amin

DANH PHAP HP CHT HU C TAP CHC

I. Hiroxi axit II. Oxo axit III. Amino axit

DANH PHAP HIROCACBON NO MACH H

1. Hirocacbon no mach h khng nhanh 2. Hirocacbon no mach nhanh 3. Nhom (hay gc) hirocacbon

HIROCACBON NO MACH H KHNG NHANH

Bn cht u tin metan propan etan butan

La danh phap na h thng Tn cua tt ca cac ng ng cao hn u c hinh thanh bng cach t hp tin t c ban v bi vi hu t -an

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ankan Metan Etan Propan Butan Pentan Hexan Heptan Octan Nonan ecan

HIROCACBON NO MACH H KHNG NHANH

n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Ankan Unecan oecan Triecan Tetraecan Pentaecan Hexaecan Heptaecan Octaecan Nonaecan Icosan n 21 30 40 60 100 200 300 400 500 1000

Ankan Hesicosan Triacontan Tetracontan Hexacontan Hectan ictan Trictan Tetractan Pentactan Kilian

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

HIROCACBON NO MACH H KHNG NHANH

Tin t Mach cacbon chinh Monomet iet Triprop Tetrabut PentaPent HexaHex HeptaHept Octa Oct NonaNon ecaec Ankan Metan Etan Propan Butan Pentan Hexan Heptan Octan Nonan ecan

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

Theo danh phap thay th, phn t ankan mach nhanh c coi nh cu thanh t mt mach chinh la hirua nn va cac nhanh bn la nhng nhom th Cac bc thc hin : a. Xac inh hirua nn (mach chinh) b. anh s c. Xac inh tn cac nhanh d. Thit lp tn y u

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

a. Xac inh hirua nn (mach chinh) o la mach cacbon dai nht; nu co ng thi mt s mach dai nht ma bng nhau thi chon mach co nhiu nhanh nht, c bit la co locant nho nht.
CH3 CH3 -CH3 -CH CH3 -CH-CH3 CH3
1 2 3

CH-CH-CH3 -CH3 CH3

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

b. anh s anh s cac nguyn t cacbon trn mach chinh xut phat t u nao gn mach nhanh cho locant nho nht. Nu co nhiu nhanh ma cach anh s khac nhau dn ti hai b locant khac nhau, thi so sanh hai b o theo tng cp locant, chon b nao co locant nho nht trong ln gp u tin.

CH3 -CH -CH3 -CH-CH-CH3 CH3 CH3 3 CH

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

c. Xac inh tn cua cac nhanh Sp xp theo trinh t ch cai va chon tin t v bi thich hp nu co 2 nhanh ging nhau Cac nhanh n gian c xp theo trinh t ch cai u cua tn nhanh, khng cn c vao ch cai u cua tin t v bi ma y la cac tin t c ban nh i-, tri- ButylEtyl imetyl Propyl

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

c. Xac inh tn cua cac nhanh Cac nhanh phc tap (co nhom th phu trong nhanh) cung c xp theo trinh t ch cai u, nhng la tn hoan chinh cho du o la ch cai u cua nhom th trong nhanh hay tin t c ban v bi (1,2-imetylpentyl)Etyl (1-Metylbutyl) (2-Metylbutyl)

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

c. Xac inh tn cua cac nhanh Khi co mt 2 nhanh phc tap ging nhau cn dung cac tin t nh bis, tris, tetrakis Bis (1-Metylbutyl) hay la iisopropyl Tris (1,2-imetylpentyl) hay la trineopentyl

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

d. Thit lp tn y u Locant Tn Tn Tin t + + + cho nhanh bi cua nhanh hirua nn Vit ngay trc tn cua nhanh Chi khi co Dang tin 2 nhanh t, trinh t ng nht ch cai Tin t c ban +hu t -an

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

VD

CH3 -CH3-CH - CH-CH3 -CH3 CH3 CH3 -CH3

3-Etyl-4-metylhexan CH3

CH3 -CH3-C - CH3 -CH-CH3 -CH3 -CH3 -CH3 CH3 CH3 -CH3 3-CH3 -CH

5-Butyl-3,3-imetylnonan

HIROCACBON NO MACH NHANH

CH(CH33 ) CH3 -CH3-CH - C - CH3 -CH3- CH3 CH3 -CH3 CH(CH33 )

3-Etyl-4,4-bis(1-metyletyl)heptan Hoc 5-Butyl-4,4-iisoproylheptan

HIROCACBON NO MACH H
IUPAC lu dung tn na h thng cua cac ankan sau: (CH3)2CH-CH3 Isobutan Isopentan

(CH3)2CH-CH2- CH3 (CH3)4C Neopentan

va bn cht u day ng ng (metan, etan, propan, butan)

NHOM HAY GC HIROCACBON NO

a. Nhom hirocacbon no hoa tri mt Cac nhom hoa tri 1 c hinh thanh bng cach loai bt mt nguyn t H ra khoi phn t ankan va c goi chung la ankyl. i hu t an thanh hu t yl. Khi trong nhom co mach nhanh thi chon mach dai nht k t nguyn t cacbon mang hoa tri t do (c anh s 1) lam mach chinh ri goi tn nhom theo danh phap thay th.

NHOM HAY GC HIROCACBON NO

VD1 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2CH3-CH2-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 Pentan Pentyl 1-metylbutyl 1-etylpropyl

NHOM HAY GC HIROCACBON NO

IUPAC lu dung tn na h thng cua cac nhom hoa tri mt sau y: (CH3)2CH- Isopropyl (CH3)2CH-CH2- Isobutyl CH3CH2CH(CH3)- sec-Butyl (CH3)2CHCH2CH2- Isopentyl CH3CH2-C(CH3)2- tert-Pentyl (CH3)3C-CH2- Neopentyl (CH3)3C- tert-Butyl

HIROCACBON KHNG NO MACH H

1. Hirocacbon khng no co mt hay nhiu lin kt i 2. Hirocacbon khng no co mt hay nhiu lin kt ba 3. Hirocacbon khng no cha ng thi lin kt i va lin kt ba 4. Nhom (gc) hirocacbon khng no hoa tri 1

HIROCACBON CO MT HAY NHIU LIN KT I

Tn cua hirocacbon cha mt, hai, ba,.. ni i xut phat t tn cua ankan tng ng chi thay i hu t an bng in (mt ni ba), -aiin (hai ni ba), -atrien (ba ni ba), kem theo locant chi vi tri cua tng lin kt i o. Mach chinh cua hirocacbon la mach cha nhiu ni ba nht, c anh s xut phat t u cho locant nho nht, trc ht la ni ba.

HIROCACBON CO MT HAY NHIU LIN KT I

CH3CH2CH2C=CH2 CH2CH3
6 5 5 4 3 2 1

2-Etylpent-1-en 5,5-imetylhexa-1,3-ien

CH3

CH3- C CH=CH-CH=CH2 CH3 5-Etylhepta-1,3,5-trien CH3- CH = C-CH =C - CH=CH2 CH3CH2 CH3

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

HIROCACBON CO MT HAY NHIU LIN KT BA

Tn cua hirocacbon cha mt, hai, ba,.. Ni i xut phat t tn cua ankan tng ng chi thay i hu t an bng en (mt ni i), -aien (hai ni i), -atrien (ba ni i), kem theo locant chi vi tri cua tng lin kt i o. Mach chinh cua hirocacbon la mach cha nhiu ni i nht, c anh s xut phat t u cho locant nho nht, trc ht la ni i.

HIROCACBON CO MT HAY NHIU LIN KT BA

CH C - CH-CH2 - CH CH3 CH3CH2 CH3 3-Etyl-5-metylhex-1-in
1 2 3 4 5 6

CH C-CH-CH2-CCH CH2CH2CH2CH3

3-Butylhexa-1,5-iin

HIROCACBON CHA NG THI LIN KT I VA LIN KT BA

Tn cua hirocacbon thuc loai nay c hinh thanh bng cach i hu t an cua ankan tng ng thanh enin (mt ni i, mt ni ba), -aienin (hai ni i, mt ni ba), -eniin (mt ni i, hai ni ba. Mach chinh cua hirocacbon la mach cha nhiu lin kt bi nht, khi s lin kt bi bng nhau thi u tin tc cho mach dai hn ri cho mach co nhiu ni i hn.

HIROCACBON CHA NG THI LIN KT I VA LIN KT BA

Mach chinh c anh s sao cho locant cua cac lin kt bi nho nht, khi cn la chon thi u tin cho lin kt i co locant nho hn

HIROCACBON CHA NG THI LIN KT I VA LIN KT BA

VD: CHC-CH2-CH=CH2 CH3C-CH=CH2-CH=CH2 CHC-CH=CH-C CH Pent-1-en-4-in Hexa-1,3-ien-5-in Hex-3-en-1,5-iin

GC HIROCACBON KHNG NO HOA TRI 1

Tn cua cac nhom (gc) hirocacbon khng no hoa tri 1 co hu t nh enyl, -inyl, -ienyl, kem theo locant cho lin kt bi va cho vi tri cua hoa tri t do. Khi cn la chon mach chinh, ta vn dung cac tiu chun sau y theo th t giam dn u tin S lin kt bi la ti a, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu nht, s ni i nhiu nht

GC HIROCACBON KHNG NO HOA TRI 1

VD: CHCCHC-CH2CH3-CH=CHCH2=CH-CH=CHCHC-CH=CH-CH2Etinyl Prop-2-in-1-yl Prop-1-en-1-yl Buta-1,3-ien-1-yl Pent-2-en-4-in-1-yl

GC HIROCACBON KHNG NO HOA TRI 1

VD:

GC HIROCACBON KHNG NO HOA TRI 1

VD:

GC HIROCACBON KHNG NO HOA TRI 1

VD:

HIROCACBON N VONG NO
1. Hirocacbon n vong no khng nhanh 2. Hirocacbon n vong no khng nhanh

3. Nhom (gc) hirocacbon n vong no hoa tri 1

HIROCACBON N VONG NO KHNG NHANH

Tn c hinh thanh bng cach thm tin t xiclo- vao tn ankan khng nhanh tng ng.

Xiclopropan

Xiclobutan

HIROCACBON N VONG NO CO NHANH

c goi tn theo danh phap thay th, vi cach anh s sao cho locant cua nhanh la nho nht, nu cn chon la thi nhanh oc trc tin la nho nht.

2-Etyl-1,3-imetylxiclohexan 1,4-imetylxiclohexan 1-Etyl-3-metylxiclohexan

GC HIROCACBON N VONG NO HOA TRI 1

Tn c hinh thanh bng cach i hu t -an cua xicloankan thanh hu t yl. CH3 CH3 Xiclopropyl Xiclobutyl 2,4-imetylxiclohexyl

HIROCACBON THM
Tn chung cua cac hirocacbon thm n vong va a vong cha nhn benzen la aren 1.Tn thng cua nhiu aren c IUPAC dung Ta co th chia cac tn o thanh 3 nhom a. Cac tn c dung khi khng co hoc co nhom th bt ki vi tri nao. b. Cac tn c dung khi khng co nhom th va chi khi co nhom th dang tin t va trong vong hoc co nhom th bt ki vi tri nao. c. Cac tn c lu dung khi khng co nhom th